Suchergebnisse

Haiti has been suffering for many decades a damaging combination of climate and natural disasters and political, economic, social, and health crises. Just in the last months there was the terrible assassination of a sitting president on July 2021; an extremely damaging earthquake of 7.2 magnitude on August 2021; the heart-wrenching images of Haitians at the US-Mexican border in September 2021; the expansion of gang activity with the kidnapping of US missionaries in October 2021; the more recent alarming episode of the shooting at the current interim Prime Minister in January 2022; and another earthquake of 5.3 magnitude in late January, to name only the more recent sequence of very bad events affecting the country. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance ; LAC

These historically unprecedented times require unconventional responses. Yes, there are several examples of countries that in the past have abused "unconventional monetary approaches," leading to high bouts of inflation, strong devaluations, balance of payment crises, and corruption. Yet, with prudence, these approaches should now be used to finance specific public expenditures, such as cash transfers and safety nets for the poor and vulnerable, and certain public investments, and to keep firms operating. In any case, money always enters into the economy through specific actors (at present, mainly the owners of the assets being bought by the central banks), and not by equally endowing each citizen with the same amount of currency (as in Milton Friedman's parable of "helicopter money"; Friedman 1969). A universal income would do the latter, and some of the recent rescue packages in developed countries moved in that direction. The methods suggested here would ultimately make the channels through which an expanded money supply gets into the economy more democratic. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI4; COVID-19 Food Trade Policy Tracker; UNFSS ; LAC

Achieving a "sustainable food future" (the title of one of the three priorities identify by the government of Argentina for the 2018 G20 presidency) requires building food systems that, in line with the related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), support growth and employment, ensure social inclusiveness and equity, promote climate resilience and environmental sustainability, protect biodiversity, and generate healthy diets for all. Many policy, institutional, technological and investment innovations are needed to build such food systems. This paper focuses on the financing of the utilization of adequate technologies and innovations in agricultural production, including the ones related to soils, land, water, ecosystems, and, in general, those that have been called Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) or Climate-friendly Sustainable Agriculture (CFSA). It explores several options to mobilize financial resources to support investments in those technologies and sustainable food systems at the scale needed to have some meaningful global impact. In particular, it argues that the creation of a project preparation and financial structuring facility of appropriate scale would help leverage scarce public-sector funds to mobilize the much larger pool of private financial funds that may be interested in participating in these investments but now lack adequately structured projects and investment vehicles to do so.

Achieving a "sustainable food future" (the title of one of the three priorities identify by the government of Argentina for the 2018 G20 presidency) requires building food systems that, in line with the related sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), support growth and employment, ensure social inclusiveness and equity, promote climate resilience and environmental sustainability, protect biodiversity, and generate healthy diets for all. Many policy, institutional, technological and investment innovations are needed to build such food systems. This paper focuses on the financing of the utilization of adequate technologies and innovations in agricultural production, including the ones related to soils, land, water, ecosystems, and, in general, those that have been called Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) or Climate-friendly Sustainable Agriculture (CFSA). It explores several options to mobilize financial resources to support investments in those technologies and sustainable food systems at the scale needed to have some meaningful global impact. In particular, it argues that the creation of a project preparation and financial structuring facility of appropriate scale would help leverage scarce public-sector funds to mobilize the much larger pool of private financial funds that may be interested in participating in these investments but now lack adequately structured projects and investment vehicles to do so. ; IFPRI5; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; UNFSS ; LAC ; Non-PR ; 19 pages

The author acknowledges that there are sharply divided views on globalization, poverty and food security. He looks at some of the reasons for the disparity of views including differences about the facts and how to interpret them, the meaning of globalization, its main drivers, and its outcomes. Additionally, there are differing views of the link between globalization and poverty. The implications of these disagreements are (1) the need for complementary domestic policies in developing countries to benefit from globalization, and (2) the responsibility of industrialized countries in shaping the operation of the world economy. Diaz-Bonilla outlines important policies both in developing and in industrialized countries and concludes that making globalization work for the poor and hungry requires adequate domestic policies in developing countries and, also, a pro-poor international environment on the part of the industrialized countries, through diplomatic, military, trade, financial, technological, environmental, and institutional policies. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; 2020 ; TMD

Current agricultural negotiations in the World Trade Organization are grappling on how to fully integrate agriculture within the general rules for trade in goods. The notion of multifunctionality of agriculture has been suggested as a reason to justify special treatment for that sector, including the continuation of its protection and subsidization. Many developing countries are still analyzing whether the idea has something to offer them in terms of their negotiating positions and policy framework. While multifunctionality has been invoked for supporting agriculture in developed countries, a similar idea, although not called so at the time, was clearly behind support for industry in developing countries. Again in this case, the policy implication was that government intervention was required (through trade protection, subsidies, and other special policies) to develop an industrial base that contributed to society more than what market valuations alone would suggest. The debate on industrialization in developing countries was part of a broader discussion regarding nation-building, economic development, and social modernization. The current arguments around multifunctionality are similarly embedded in a larger economic, political and social matrix. This paper, although it does not present a full account of either debate, discusses some of the intriguing parallelisms in their theoretical frameworks, policy implications and economic and social impacts. The main objective is to clarify current policy issues for the agricultural sector in developing countries, highlighting possible consequences for the negotiating position of developing countries in the WTO process. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; Markets and Trade ; TMD

In its broadest sense, globalization can be seen as an inherent part of human experience. Since prehistoric times humans have been growing in number; interacting with other groups, peace-fully or not; building larger economic, social, and political organizations; discovering, using, and sometimes destroying the resources of the planet; and generating new knowledge and technologies. That process has led to the emergence of empires, with the ebb and flow over the centuries of explorers, crusaders, missionaries, merchants, and colonists. The powerful wave of globalization associated with modern ; CONTENTS: Brief 1. Introduction / Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla and Sherman Robinson -- Brief 2. The Nature of Disagreements / Ravi Kanbur -- Brief 3. Growth and Poverty / Manohar Sharma, Sam Morley, and Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla -- Brief 4. Trade and Food Security / Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla and Marcelle Thomas -- Brief 5. Nutrition / Julie Babinard and Per Pinstrup-Andersen -- Brief 6. High-Value Agriculture / Christopher Delgado, Nicholas Minot, and Nikolas Wada -- Brief 7. Food Safety and Food Quality / Laurian J. Unnevehr -- Brief 8. Technological Change / Peter B. R. Hazell -- Brief 9. Intellectual Property Rights and Agricultural R&D / Philip G. Pardey and Brian D. Wright -- Brief 10. Environment / Stanley Wood -- Brief 11. Democracy and Civil Society / Marzia Fontana and Yukitsugu Yanoma -- Brief 12. Conflict and Food Insecurity / Ellen Messer and Marc J. Cohen -- Brief 13. Governments and Public Policy / Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla and Sherman Robinson" ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; Poverty Reduction; 2020 ; DGO; TMD

When trade ministers meet in the United States( ) late this year, they may launch a new round of global trade talks under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO). If the ministers indeed initiate this "millennium round," agriculture will be part of it. Otherwise, agricultural negotiations will proceed on their own, since Article 20 of the Uruguay Round (UR) Agreement on Agriculture states that agricultural negotiations should be resumed during 1999. ; Contents: 1. Overview / Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla and Sherman Robinson -- 2. Latin American perspective / Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla and Lucio Reca --3. Asian perspective / Marcus Noland -- 4. African perspective / Natasha Mukherjee and Rebecca Lee Harris -- 5. Transition Economies' perspective / Ulrike Grote and Peter Wehrheim -- 6. European Union perspective / Stefan Tangermann -- 7. United States of America perspective / Dale Hathaway -- 8. Least-developed Countries' perspective / Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla, Marcelle Thomas, and Valeria Piñeiro -- 9. Cairns Group perspective / Kym Anderson. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; Markets and Trade; 2020 ; TMD; DGO

Lista de articulos:; Panorama de América Latina; Panorama de Asia; Panorama de África; Panorama de las economías en transición; Panorama de la Unión Europea; Panorama de los Estados Unidos de América; Panorama de los países menos adelantados; Panorama de los países del Grupo Cairns ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; Markets and Trade; 2020 ; TMD; DGO