Suchergebnisse

Certaines séries télévisées, au-delà de leur capacité à représenter des mondes urbains réels ou fantasmés, permettent aussi de rentrer dans les processus, les systèmes d'acteurs, les outils et les instruments qui président à la production urbaine. À ce titre, elles peuvent faire l'objet d'une utilisation pédagogique dans des enseignements en urbanisme, visant à rendre intelligibles ces systèmes culturellement ancrés de production de la ville. Cet article souligne l'intérêt d'utiliser Show Me a Hero , minisérie retraçant la bataille pour la déségrégation du logement à Yonkers, suburb de New York, dans un module d'enseignement sur les controverses en urbanisme. Son utilisation a articulé trois enjeux principaux : 1) la difficile mise en œuvre locale de la politique fédérale du logement, 2) la compréhension des spécificités des processus ségrégatifs et 3) l'objectivation des partis pris artistiques des auteurs comme condition à une analyse de la controverse.

AbstractThe spreading of city improvement districts (CIDs) and connected forms of public–private partnership as an international model of urban renewal has been linked to the rise of 'urban entrepreneurialism' and the neoliberalization of policies and practices, at a time when competition between cities in the global economy has never been greater. The aim of this article is to explore the transfer and adaptation of the CID model in two cities of the South, Johannesburg and Cape Town. Arguing that CIDs are an example of the local embeddedness of neoliberalism, we highlight the role of the private sector in importing and adapting CIDs in South Africa, and point out the rise of techno‐politicians in CID management. Paying particular attention to discourses, we analyse the way images of decaying urban centres were used to legitimate the adoption of such schemes. The subsequent transformation of the model also enables us to explore the specificity of the adoption of this international best practice model in South Africa and its further circulation at the Southern African level. We conclude that while CIDs in South Africa raise familiar North American issues regarding the private management of public spaces, they also question the very nature of the African city model proposed and envisioned locally.RésuméLa diffusion du modèle du CID et du principe du partenariat public–privéà l'échelle internationale pour servir des stratégies de renouvellement urbain a été lue comme conséquence de la montée en puissance de l'urbanisme entrepreneurial et comme l'avènement de pratiques et politiques néolibérales, ceci alors que la compétition économique mondiale entre les villes est plus vive que jamais. Les auteures s'attachent dans cet article à décrypter le processus de transfert et d'adaptation du modèle du CID dans deux villes du Sud, Johannesbourg et le Cap. L'argument central est que les CIDs offrent un cas d'école de l'ancrage local du néoliberalisme. Le rôle du secteur privé dans l'importation et la promotion du modèle en Afrique du Sud est souligné, et illustre la montée en puissance des techno‐politiciens dans les affaires urbaines. Faisant une place particulière aux discours, les auteures analysent la façon dont les images du déclin des centres ont légitimé l'adoption du modèle. La transformation ultérieure du modèle permet par ailleurs de réfléchir aux spécificités de l'ancrage de ce modèle de «best practice» en Afrique du Sud et sa circulation à l'échelle de l'Afrique australe: alors que les CIDs nous renvoient à des questions relatives à la gestion privée des espaces publics déjà traitées dans les contextes du Nord, ils permettent également de réfléchir à la nature même du modèle de ville africaine proposé ici.

AbstractThis symposium focuses on the circulation of security governance models in cities of Southern Africa (Johannesburg, Cape Town, Windhoek and Maputo). It consists of three articles analysing at different scales (regional, national and intra‐urban) the circulation of specific neighbourhood‐based solutions to security issues, such as road closures, gated residential developments and business improvement districts. This spreading process, with the South African case at its core, is analysed within the theoretical framework of neoliberalism. The symposium, via this discussion of security models and the way they reflect the changing relationships between state and private actors locally, discusses the relevance of this framework to a fuller understanding of the transformation of Southern African cities.RésuméCette collection d'articles porte sur la circulation de modèles de gouvernance sécuritaire dans les villes d'Afrique australe (Johannesburg, Cape Town, Windhoek et Maputo). Les trois articles qui la constituent analysent, à différentes échelles (régionale, nationale et intra‐urbaine), la circulation de certains dispositifs locaux de lutte contre l'insécurité, tels que les enclosures, les complexes résidentiels fermés et les Business Improvement Districts. Ces processus de diffusion, qui ont souvent pour centre l'Afrique du Sud, sont analysés à travers le cadre théorique du néolibéralisme. Cette collection, en analysant la manière dont ces modèles sécuritaires reflètent les relations dynamiques entre l'Etat et les acteurs privés locaux, questionne la pertinence de ce cadre théorique pour comprendre les transformations des villes d'Afrique australe.

In postapartheid South African cities, civil society's loss of confidence in the ability of public authorities to protect citizens reflects the international trend toward the State's delegation of a number of public functions. It has led to the proliferation of private and community initiatives which quickly spread across urban space, taking different forms according to the level of segregation, the shape of the urban fabric, the local culture of urban development and planning, the political context, and the pace of urban growth. This article, informed by the examples of Johannesburg and Cape Town, discusses the specific South African way of handling these delegation processes: a complex mix of neoliberal policies and practices and of the ANC's agenda toward equality and redistribution for democratic South Africa. Indeed, after a transitional period where these initiatives were tolerated, public authorities are currently reasserting their power over some of these forms (community-led initiatives) while still encouraging public-private partnerships (CIDs).

Politics and Community-Based Research: Perspectives from Yeoville Studio, Johannesburg provides a textured analysis of a contested urban space that will resonate with other contested urban spaces around the world and challenges researchers involved in such spaces to work in creative and politicised ways. This edited collection is built around the experiences of Yeoville Studio, a research initiative based at the School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Through themed, illustrated stories of the people and places of Yeoville, the book presents a nuanced portrait of the vibrance and complexity of a post-apartheid, peri-central neighbourhood that has often been characterised as a 'slum' in Johannesburg. These narratives are interwoven with theoretical chapters by scholars from a diversity of disciplinary backgrounds, reflecting on the empirical experiences of the Studio and examining academic research processes. These chapters unpack the engagement of the Studio in Yeoville, including issues of trust, the need to align policy with lived realities and social needs, the political dimensions of the knowledge produced and the ways in which this knowledge was, and could be used.

Politics and Community-Based Research: Perspectives from Yeoville Studio, Johannesburg provides a textured analysis of a contested urban space that will resonate with other contested urban spaces around the world and challenges researchers involved in such spaces to work in creative and politicised ways. This edited collection is built around the experiences of Yeoville Studio, a research initiative based at the School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Through themed, illustrated stories of the people and places of Yeoville, the book presents a nuanced portrait of the vibrance and complexity of a post-apartheid, peri-central neighbourhood that has often been characterised as a 'slum' in Johannesburg. These narratives are interwoven with theoretical chapters by scholars from a diversity of disciplinary backgrounds, reflecting on the empirical experiences of the Studio and examining academic research processes. These chapters unpack the engagement of the Studio in Yeoville, including issues of trust, the need to align policy with lived realities and social needs, the political dimensions of the knowledge produced and the ways in which this knowledge was, and could be used.