AbstractThis article explores how child welfare policy and contemporary US immigration enforcement come together to transform the immigrant parent into an absence that operates as a legal presence. International legal standards and US child welfare policy protect the right of a parent, regardless of citizenship status or country of residence, to participate fully in child welfare case proceedings and to maintain, or regain, custody of their children. However, restrictive immigration policy, intensified border enforcement, and a contemporary deportation regime have made the separation of immigrant parents and their children a prevalent problem within the US child welfare system, separating children from parents who would otherwise be considered fit. The production of legally absent parents is central to this process. Detention and deportation practices can make immigrant parents difficult to locate. This makes it more likely that an immigrant parent will be deemed absent, and thus declared to have legally abandoned their child, a determination that is necessary for child welfare officials to terminate parental rights. Drawing on ethnographic research in the San Diego–Tijuana region, this article examines the force of legal absence in these cases and the profound consequences this has for families.
The "build back better" (BBB) approach to disaster recovery was first introduced in 2006 by the United Nations Secretary-General's Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery, former US President William Clinton. In 2015, BBB became the second half of Priority 4 of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, in recognition of its widespread use and adoption among disaster risk management practitioners, policy-makers, and researchers. This paper aims to summarize the significant advances related to BBB research in the past 13 years, and is expected to provide an overview of where the BBB concept and the related policy and practice are heading in the coming years. Themes identified from existing research include: the development of a BBB framework and of indicators; the spread of BBB research worldwide; practical examples of how to apply BBB principles; policies, legislation, and governance for supporting BBB; role of different stakeholders and actors; and capacity building for BBB. In theory, BBB is a desirable goal, but numerous experiences have proved that it is quite challenging to implement in practice. Additional research on BBB is needed to contribute to its successful implementation.
Abstrak Penelitian tentang akses lanjut usia (lansia) terhadap pelayanan kesehatan telah banyak dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode yang sama maupun berbeda. Diperlukan suatu hasil gabungan analisis penelitian dan dapat dijadikan inferensi pada parameter yang dapat diinterpretasi. Dalam kajian ini dilakukan meta-analisis akses kesehatan publik bagi lansia di wilayah perkotaan yang tersedia pada tingkat fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama. Diidentifikasi kata kunci dari topik yang ada pada kepustakaan melalui pembacaaan abstrak secara berulang kali. Dilakukan pencatatan hasil inferensi, kemudian dipilah sub-topik yang dipikirkan penting dan berhubungan. Ringkasan kepustakaan dibuat sesuai dengan urutan dan relevansi topik masing-masing variabel, yang disesuaikan dengan sub-topik terkait. Akses pelayanan kesehatan terhadap lansia sangat tergantung pada ketersediaan sumber daya kesehatan, peralatan yang memadai dan program yang sesuai. Lansia kurang memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan disebabkan oleh jarak fasilitas kesehatan yang cukup jauh dari tempat tinggalnya dan tidak ada yang mengantarnya. Masih ada lanjut usia yang tidak pernah memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan dasar gratis. Sebagian kecil lansia mengakses informasi promosi kesehatan melalui media sosial. Fasilitas umum yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh kelompok lansia namun masih kurang terkait ketersediaan tenaga, alat medis, obat, laboratorium dan kondisi fisik serta dana operasional puskesmas. Perlindungan terhadap sosial bagi lansia juga dilakukan oleh organisasi masyarakat dan keagamaan (misal kerjasama gereja dan kelurahan) dan bantuan program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) perusahaan. Kebijakan pemerintah dan sumber daya di fasilitas kesehatan mempengaruhi akses pelayanan kesehatan terhadap lansia. Perlindungan sosial dan pemberdayaan ekonomi beperan dalam peningkatan kualitas hidup lansia. Komunikasi, Informasi dan Edukasi Kemitraan Pemerintah dan swasta, termasuk LSM perlu dilakukan terus menerus. Dukungan dan bimbingan oleh Pemerintah Daerah melalui berbagai kegiatan promosi dan proteksi kesehatan pemenuhan akses pelayanan kesehatan bagi lansia melalui kerjasama lintas program dengan sektor terkait perlu tingkatkan. Kata kunci: Lansia, Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan Abstract Researches on the access of the elderly to health services have been carried out by using the same or different methods. Therefore, a combined result of research analysis is needed and can be used as an inference and it can be interpreted. The objectives are to study through a meta-analysis of public health service for elderly through assess the available at the puskesmas level; to identify where the information and knowledge of health obtained by elderly; the decision making of elderly when they are suffering from illness, and the availability of health services for elderly at puskesmas, and the social empowerment and economic support. In the literatures and documents the keywords were identified and inferenced the results by creating sub-topics. The summary of the literature review was made and consented to the order and relevance of the topic in each variable, which is adjusted to the related sub-topics. Access to health care for the elderly is highly dependent on the availability of health resources, adequate equipment in the appropriate program. There are elderly who do not use the health services available at health facilities due to the distance of the health facilities that are quite far from where they live and there was no one drives them to health facility. Therefore, even the health service was free for charge, the elderly had not used it. Many elderly obtained a benefit of health promotion through the social media. In puskesmas there were lacks of availability of medical devices, drugs and medical supplies, laboratories, including the operational cost for eldery's health services. Public – private collaboration on social protection for elderly was existed such as from churches support including other social supports namely Corporate Social Responsibility program from private sector. The policies, infrastructures, and resources in the health facility were affected to the access of elderly. Social protection and economic empowerment have a potential role in improving the quality of life for the elderly. Improving the health service for elderly at puskesmas are urgently needed. Health services quality for elderly provided by public health institutions should be fulfilled particularly on the human resources capacity. Support and guidance by the local government through various health promotion and prevention activities and cross-program collaboration with related sectors should be boosted. Keywords: Elderly, Health Services Access
Since the early 1980s, Alaska has relied on oil taxes for almost all of its state government revenue. Like many resource-based economies, including many of the Western states, the result is a boom and bust economy. With production declining and the price of Alaska's North Slope crude around $75 per barrel, the state is in a bust cycle, with a large state government deficit. Although Alaska is experiencing a somewhat improved revenue outlook compared to 2017, the state's executive and legislative branches continue to wrestle with unpopular political choices; do we implement a state income tax, tap the state's Permanent Fund sovereign wealth fund (and thereby reduce or eliminate Alaska's annual Permanent Fund Dividend payment to Alaskan residents), or some combination of those two approaches? In Spring 2018, the Alaska State Legislature—supported by Independent Governor Bill Walker—chose the first of these options, tapping Alaska's Permanent Fund to fund state government operations for the first time. The result is a dramatically improved fiscal position for 2019, and although the state remains in deficit, chances of a balanced budget are much improved. Use of the Permanent Fund has not been popular, however; a number of incumbents who supported the use Permanent Fund earnings were defeated in November 2018 by opponents who campaigned on the issue. At the moment, Alaska's fiscal future remains in doubt.
Minority government is becoming more common. With support declining for traditional parties and increasing for anti-establishment movements, government formation is becoming increasingly difficult in many jurisdictions. While minority government has been the subject of much normative debate, one type of minority arrangement that has not attracted much attention is that involving independent parliamentarians. Government in most countries tends to be party government, but in this article, we examine the experience in Australia and Ireland of independents supporting minority government. We assess the performance of these administrations in terms of their stability, their productivity and their electoral performance. We find that, contrary to expectation, minority government involving independents is not a recipe for instability nor necessarily results in an efficient parliament.
This article deals with a critical challenge for policymakers: how can political actors become policy winners in areas where they have previously experienced resounding losses? To address this puzzle, the article develops William Riker's concept of heresthetic, which describes how clever actors can disrupt the equilibrium of the political opposition by re-framing people's choices in such a way that they are inclined to contribute to their cause. Specifically, we propose a new analytical framework that enables scholars to trace and explain the various strategies available to politicians who seek to advance seemingly detrimental or risky policies in circumstances of uncertainty and complexity. This is applied to the surprising case of education reforms advanced by Australia's Liberal–National Coalition. In doing so, the article affirms the importance of vicarious instruction for aspiring herestheticians, the media, and the citizens whom they seek to manipulate.
AbstractCorporate activities have impacts on different groups across societies, and businesses therefore have different sets of responsibilities to these groups. These are increasingly being addressed through corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate community development (CCD) initiatives, and there is now a wide body of literature that highlights the value of CSR for business. However, less attention has been paid to understanding the impacts of these activities from the perspective of communities. This paper "reverses the lens" to explore these community perspectives. We argue that communities see and evaluate CSR/CCD in terms of the broader immanent effects of the corporate presence rather than simply the intentional CSR programs and prioritize relationships over material outcomes. We outline an agenda for corporations that begins with the realization that core business practices can impact profoundly on long‐term community development and that effective contributions require corporations to "embrace chaos" and to develop the types of relationships that foreground community goals and priorities.
