O texto apresenta uma experiência de pesquisa–ação realizada por pesquisadores da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande em parceria com o Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais de Lagoa Seca — PB, com a ONG AS-PTA, e com o CIRAD, visando fazer, a partir de uma metodologia participativa, um diagnóstico do impacto das políticas públicas sobre a agricultura familiar, no intuito de valorizar experiências de desenvolvimento local. Partindo disso, objetivamos propor recomendações de políticas de desenvolvimento territorial mais adaptadas às aspirações dos agricultores. O artigo resgata essa experiência, analisando a metodologia de pesquisa e seus resultados, e sugerindo recomendações para as políticas de desenvolvimento rural.
International audience ; The agroecological transition of the agricultural systems of production is a complex process which implies technical and social changes. Taking for example the Semi-arid Brazilian region, and more particularly the region of Agreste of Paraiba, a Borborema, we analyze the trajectory of agroecological transition, that begun more than 20 years ago, from theories of the social and territorial innovation. The agroecological transition led in fact to a social change intended to satisfy the basic human needs for the most weakened populations. It implied processes of learning, transformations of the social relations and consolidation of the social networks as well as a modification of conditions of governance of the development and regions, to support social integration and political insertion of the peasants. Innovations are anchored in the territory, understood like a space of construction of a collective identity, of debate and institutionalization of the agroecological transition processes. Consequently, it implies a unit of technical, social and institutional innovations. To support these innovations, a new reading of the socio-productive practices and experiments carried out in these three dimensions is necessary. We insist thus on the fact that the agroecological transition is not summarized with changes of the technical standards.
International audience ; The agroecological transition of the agricultural systems of production is a complex process which implies technical and social changes. Taking for example the Semi-arid Brazilian region, and more particularly the region of Agreste of Paraiba, a Borborema, we analyze the trajectory of agroecological transition, that begun more than 20 years ago, from theories of the social and territorial innovation. The agroecological transition led in fact to a social change intended to satisfy the basic human needs for the most weakened populations. It implied processes of learning, transformations of the social relations and consolidation of the social networks as well as a modification of conditions of governance of the development and regions, to support social integration and political insertion of the peasants. Innovations are anchored in the territory, understood like a space of construction of a collective identity, of debate and institutionalization of the agroecological transition processes. Consequently, it implies a unit of technical, social and institutional innovations. To support these innovations, a new reading of the socio-productive practices and experiments carried out in these three dimensions is necessary. We insist thus on the fact that the agroecological transition is not summarized with changes of the technical standards.
International audience ; The agroecological transition of the agricultural systems of production is a complex process which implies technical and social changes. Taking for example the Semi-arid Brazilian region, and more particularly the region of Agreste of Paraiba, a Borborema, we analyze the trajectory of agroecological transition, that begun more than 20 years ago, from theories of the social and territorial innovation. The agroecological transition led in fact to a social change intended to satisfy the basic human needs for the most weakened populations. It implied processes of learning, transformations of the social relations and consolidation of the social networks as well as a modification of conditions of governance of the development and regions, to support social integration and political insertion of the peasants. Innovations are anchored in the territory, understood like a space of construction of a collective identity, of debate and institutionalization of the agroecological transition processes. Consequently, it implies a unit of technical, social and institutional innovations. To support these innovations, a new reading of the socio-productive practices and experiments carried out in these three dimensions is necessary. We insist thus on the fact that the agroecological transition is not summarized with changes of the technical standards.
International audience ; In recent years, peasant communities and family farmers' organisations have developed new forms of collective action among smallholders in NorthEast Brazil. This paper analyses the origins, emergence, and impact of these local and regional initiatives as well as their relations with peasant social movements and with public institutions. These smallholders groups constitute collective systems for the management of natural resources (water, grazing, forest, seeds and bio-diversity) and/or the production of public assets (information, training, access to innovation and to specific markets). In the Northeast, particularly in the State of Paraíba, their experience has mobilised social and professional networks among civil society and led to demands in hybrid forums for public recognition or, better, public support from State institutions. The authors analyse the first lessons from, and the limitations of, these new forms of interaction between peasant collective action and State public action. This movement is related to the decentralisation process underway in Brazil and the first inter-municipal initiatives. There is a risk that civil society might substitute for the State in the performance of its functions; but the public obligations of these collective stakeholders also ensure locally adapted responses to the complexity and specificity of public policies. The new government has staked its programs on civilsociety participation. But we can already observe some tensions between the government, social movements and local politicians. In a political system with elections every two years, it is difficult to maintain participatory processes that require longer periods for concrete results. ; Des agriculteurs du Nordeste ont développé ces dernières années de nouvelles formes d'action collective au niveau des communautés paysannes et des organisations professionnelles agricoles. L'article analyse l'origine, les facteurs d'émergence et l'impact de ces initiatives locales ou régionales ainsi que leurs relations avec les mouvements sociaux et avec l'État. Ces nouveaux acteurs ou ces nouvelles pratiques correspondent principale-ment à des dispositifs collectifs de gestion de ressources naturelles (eau, pâturages, semences) et/ou de production de biens publics : formation, information, innovation, accès à des marchés spécifiques. L'article tire quelques leçons de ces expériences.
International audience ; In recent years, peasant communities and family farmers' organisations have developed new forms of collective action among smallholders in NorthEast Brazil. This paper analyses the origins, emergence, and impact of these local and regional initiatives as well as their relations with peasant social movements and with public institutions. These smallholders groups constitute collective systems for the management of natural resources (water, grazing, forest, seeds and bio-diversity) and/or the production of public assets (information, training, access to innovation and to specific markets). In the Northeast, particularly in the State of Paraíba, their experience has mobilised social and professional networks among civil society and led to demands in hybrid forums for public recognition or, better, public support from State institutions. The authors analyse the first lessons from, and the limitations of, these new forms of interaction between peasant collective action and State public action. This movement is related to the decentralisation process underway in Brazil and the first inter-municipal initiatives. There is a risk that civil society might substitute for the State in the performance of its functions; but the public obligations of these collective stakeholders also ensure locally adapted responses to the complexity and specificity of public policies. The new government has staked its programs on civilsociety participation. But we can already observe some tensions between the government, social movements and local politicians. In a political system with elections every two years, it is difficult to maintain participatory processes that require longer periods for concrete results. ; Des agriculteurs du Nordeste ont développé ces dernières années de nouvelles formes d'action collective au niveau des communautés paysannes et des organisations professionnelles agricoles. L'article analyse l'origine, les facteurs d'émergence et l'impact de ces initiatives locales ou régionales ainsi que ...
La transition agroécologique de systèmes de production agricole est un processus complexe qui implique des changements techniques et sociaux. Prenant pour exemple le Semiaride brésilien et plus particulièrement une zone de l'Agreste de la Paraiba, la Borborema, nous y analysons la trajectoire de transition agroécologique débutée il y a plus de 20 ans, à partir des théories de l'innovation sociale et territoriale. La transition agroécologique a conduit de fait à un changement social destiné à satisfaire les besoins humains de base pour les populations les plus fragilisées. Elle a impliqué des processus d'apprentissage, des transformations des relations sociales et une consolidation des réseaux sociaux ainsi qu'une modification des conditions de gouvernance du développement et des régions pour favoriser l'intégration sociale et l'insertion politique des paysans. Les innovations sont ancrées dans le territoire, compris comme un espace de construction d'une identité collective, de débat et d'institutionnalisation des processus de transition agroécologique. Dès lors, celle-ci implique un ensemble d'innovations techniques, sociales et institutionnelles. Pour favoriser ces innovations, une nouvelle lecture des pratiques socio-productives et des expérimentations menées dans ces trois dimensions est nécessaire. Nous insistons ainsi sur le fait que la transition agroécologique ne se résume pas aux changements de normes techniques.
Este artigo busca compreender como os processos de vulnerabilização socioambiental repercutiram nos conflitos com as populações atingidas pelo deslocamento compulsório nas obras da transposição do Rio São Francisco, fazendo com que essas se tornassem refugiadas da água. São analisadas três Vilas Produtivas Rurais (VPR's), sendo duas do Eixo Leste – uma em Sertânia/PE (VPR Salão) e outra em Monteiro/PB (VPR Lafayete) – e a terceira no Eixo Norte, em São José de Piranhas/PB (VPR Irapuá I). Essas localidades foram afetadas pelo empreendimento, tendo como uma das questões centrais a dificuldade do acesso à água para consumo humano e produção por parte das famílias para lá transferidas. Utilizam-se, para este artigo, as metodologias de revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas em grupo, reuniões e visitas de campo às referidas VPR's. Concluiu-se que a vulnerabilização social decorre das múltiplas formas de desterritorialização dessas famílias, rompendo vínculos sociais, culturais e ambientais das comunidades rurais, sem garantia do Estado frente às suas responsabilidades com o deslocamento forçado das famílias, o desmantelamento das áreas produtivas e o não acesso à água com a qualidade e a quantidade necessárias para o consumo humano e para a produção agrícola.
Des agriculteurs du Nordeste ont développé ces dernières années de nouvelles formes d'action collective au niveau des communautés paysannes et des organisations professionnelles agricoles. L'article analyse l'origine, les facteurs d'émergence et l'impact de ces initiatives locales ou régionales ainsi que leurs relations avec les mouvements sociaux et avec l'État. Ces nouveaux acteurs ou ces nouvelles pratiques correspondent principalement à des dispositifs collectifs de gestion de ressources naturelles (eau, pâturages, semences) et/ou de production de biens publics: formation, information, innovation, accès à des marchés spécifiques. L'article tire quelques leçons de ces expériences.
La communication présente une expérience de recherche/action menée en partenariat par le syndicat des Travailleurs Ruraux de Lagoa Seca (Paraiba), l'ASP-TA1, l'Université Fédérale de Campina Grande et le CIRAD2. La recherche a pour objectif la valorisation d'expériences de développement local pour en tirer des recommandations de politiques publiques. Un groupe de leaders du syndicat, de techniciens et d'universitaires se sont associés pour analyser les évolutions des situations agraires, les influences des politiques publiques passées sur ces situations et les expériences novatrices du mouvement social. Le processus, encore en cours, s'est déroulé grâce à des séminaires de réflexion et des visites d'exploitations. Le traitement des visites et des entretiens n'est pas totalement terminé. Les restitutions et les débats avec l'ensemble de la population du municipe n'ont pas eu lieu. Les résultats provisoires indiquent quelques grandes lignes de politiques agricoles (accès à la terre, infrastructures, recherche appliquée-) mais surtout démontrent la validité d'un processus d'apprentissage collectif qui permet aux leaders de s'approprier l'information. Reste à "penser" les moyens pédagogiques pour élargir cette appropriation au plus grand nombre possible. La communication rappelle le contexte, l'objet de recherche et la méthodologie. Les résultats sont discutés et quelques enseignements à la fois en terme de politique agricole et de méthodologie pour l'action sont présentés.
