Suchergebnisse

Purpose
Foresight is frequently used to establish science and technology investment priorities and develop corresponding technology and innovation support programmes. In the light of technology and innovation policy, many individual Foresight studies are undertaken which are separate and little linked with the broader policy scope and ambition. This paper aims to look at an approach towards a consistent Foresight system which is linked closely to science, technology and innovation policy.


Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides an in-depth case study of the Russian Foresight system. The case study is based on desk research and extensive experience of the authors with the system.


Findings
Russia has developed a systematic approach towards organising Foresight which involves and serves multiple stakeholders, including government, ministries, federal and regional agencies, higher education institutions, public research institutes, state-owned companies and private businesses and a large range of associations. Under the auspicious of a dedicated commission, targeted Foresight is undertaken with clearly defined scope for each. The paper finds that the Russian system is unique in its organisational structure and in the integration of Foresight with science, technology and innovation policy measures.


Originality/value
The paper describes all facets of the Russian Foresight system which has not been done before. It also outlines the practical steps to further develop and leverage the system.

Being influenced by increasingly heightened global competition, companies are entering into partnerships with other companies, universities or public research institutions (PRIs) to leverage external competences to foster innovation. The search for partners and the management of cooperation itself are new challenges especially in terms of administering intellectual property rights. The paper highlights recent trends related to knowledge and technology transfer from public research and education to industry. It considers legislative initiatives to target industry engagement, new technology transfer office models, collaborative intellectual property (IP) tools, and initiatives to facilitate access to public research results.

In recent years, Russian federal authorities have started moving from drafting of strategies, concepts and guidelines related to cluster development, to formation and implementation of cluster programs. The major initiative on this way was the selection of the pilot innovative clusters announced on March 19, 2012 by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. In total, there were submitted 94 cluster projects. In the first stage the projects were evaluated by the wide group of experts. Further, the selected clusters (in number of 37) presented their programs at the meeting of ?the Working Group for the Development of Public-Private Partnership in the Innovation Sphere?. Among the 37 clusters 5 submitted in the field of nuclear technology, 4 ? in aerospace and aviation, 9 ? in biotechnology, pharmaceutics, medical devices, 4 ? in information and telecommunication technology, 3 ? in novel materials, 3 ? in machinery, 5 ? in lightening and electrical equipment and instruments 4 ? in chemical products. Finally It was selected 25 pilot clusters, which is planned to be provided with comprehensive government support. The presentation consists of three part: ? Policy background of national cluster program 2012 ? Key features and results of the selection process ? A preliminary comparison of Russian cluster program with widely known EU cluster programs (BioRegio, InnoRegio, Competitiveness poles, etc) In my presentation I?m going to lighten the most essential elements of the forming cluster program in Russia: ? characteristics of the supported object, ? criteria for selection of the pilot clusters, ? selection procedure, ? description of the selected pilot clusters, ? budget, directions and supporting mechanisms for pilot clusters, ? monitoring of the implementation of cluster supporting programs. In addition, I will be addressing the key features of the Russian cluster program in comparison with the most famous European programs: BioRegio, InnoRegio (German), Competitiveness clusters (France). I have found several similar features and among them: * Russian cluster program is a cooperation-contest one; * complex inter-governmental co-ordination; * the volume of support is consistent with the similar programs; * first-priority support from other instruments of innovation development; * significant share of applications that are not granted. And also there are differences and some of them are essential: * in many cases there is a significant lack of private initiatives; * there is no emphasis on SME, start-ups, growth of new companies growth; * different principles of support; * for the Russian program, questions of monitoring and evaluation haven?t been discussed yet. At the end of my presentation I?m going to highlight and discuss the rooms for improvement of Russia cluster policy.

Intro -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1: What Do Emerging Technologies Mean for Economic Development? -- References -- Part I: Materials and Manufacturing -- 2: New Materials: The Case of Carbon Fibres -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Carbon Fibres (CFs) -- 2.2.1 Types of CFs and a Comparative Analysis -- 2.2.1.1 Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-Based CFs -- 2.2.1.2 Pitch-Based Carbon Fibres -- 2.2.1.3 Viscose-Based CFs -- 2.2.1.4 Gas Phase-Based CFs -- 2.2.2 Competing Technologies for CFs -- 2.2.2.1 Aramid Fibres -- 2.2.2.2 Basalt Fibres -- 2.2.2.3 Boron Fibres -- 2.2.2.4 Silicon Carbide Fibre -- 2.2.2.5 Aluminium Oxide Fibres -- 2.2.3 Advantages of CFs -- 2.3 CF Composites -- 2.3.1 Types of CF Composites and a Comparative Analysis -- 2.3.1.1 Carbon-Carbonic Composite Materials -- 2.3.1.2 Metallic Matrix CF Composites -- 2.3.1.3 Ceramic Matrix CF Composites -- 2.3.1.4 Polymeric Matrix CF Composites (Coal Plastics) -- 2.3.2 Competing Technologies for CF Composites -- 2.3.2.1 Glass-Fibre Plastics -- 2.3.2.2 Boron-Filled Plastics -- 2.3.2.3 Organoplastics -- 2.3.2.4 Basalt Plastics -- 2.3.2.5 Powder-Filled Polymers -- 2.3.2.6 Textolites -- 2.3.3 Advantages of CF Composites -- 2.4 Demand for CF Products -- 2.4.1 Markets for CFs -- 2.4.2 Market Pricing of CFs and Composites -- 2.5 Future Prospects and Scenarios for CF Markets -- 2.5.1 Global Market Scenarios -- 2.5.2 Market Scenarios in Russia -- 2.6 Technology Strategy for the Exploitation of CFs -- References -- 3: Nanotechnology for High-Tech Industries: Light-Emitting Diodes -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 LEDs -- 3.1.1.1 Incandescent Light Bulbs -- 3.1.1.2 Low-Pressure Gas-Discharge Lamps (Fluorescent Lamps, Compact Fluorescent Lamps, Plasma Lamps, etc.) -- 3.1.1.3 High-Pressure and High-Intensity Gas-Discharge Lamps.