Suchergebnisse

Die Frage nach dem Schutz von Natura-2000-Gebieten bei Errichtung und Betrieb von Offshore-Windkraftanlagen verknüpft eines der bedeutendsten Problemfelder des Naturschutzrechts mit der Diskussion um die Windenergienutzung zur See als Kernbaustein der Energiewende. Die vorliegende Dissertation arbeitet zur Beantwortung dieser Fragestellung die relevanten Regelungen heraus und untersucht deren Auswirkungen auf die Genehmigungen von Offshore-Windparks. Im Einzelnen erfolgt unter anderem eine Erörterung der mit der Genehmigung von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen verbundenen Rechtsfragen sowie die Ermittlung und Einordnung der im Meeresbereich entstandenen und unter Schutz gestellten Natura-2000-Gebiete. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildet die Handhabung des auf Art. 6 Abs. 3 der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie zurückzuführenden Schutzreglements für Natura-2000-Gebiete und die Prüfung der Möglichkeit einer Abweichungsentscheidung nach Art. 6 Abs. 4 der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie. Darüber hinaus wendet sich die Arbeit der Frage zu, inwieweit das Habitatschutzrecht auch für bereits erteilte Genehmigungen für Offshore-Windkraftanlagen von Bedeutung ist und wie entsprechende Pflichten im nationalen Recht zu berücksichtigen sind.

Contrary to the prognostications of authors writing as late as 15 years ago, both military coups and direct military rule in Latin America are shown to have undergone a sudden, sustained, region-wide decline following a notable upsurge during the 1970s. Rather than with changing levels of socioeconomic development, the explanation lies substantially with the legacy of military rule itself, including the military's association with economic failure, the disaffection of the military's business allies, the attendant "learning experiences" of civilian politicians, and, not least, the factionalization and loss of professionalism of the military itself, as well as an anti-authoritarian international climate. The impact of such causes could fade with time, thus leading to a renewal of direct military rule. There are some signs, however, of the emergence of a more institutionalized form of military involvement than in the past, one which entails an explicit political role for the military within otherwise democratic polities, but falling short of direct rule, in a kind of a post-national security state.

Reasons for declining role of the armed forces in government; includes data on military intervention, 1966-91.

In this article, the author assesses the prospects for the consolidation of democracy in Latin America in the 1990s, compared with the failure to achieve that goal in the 1960s, by examining the institutionalization of political parties in the two time periods. Samuel Huntington's criteria of institutionalization (adaptability, complexity, autonomy, and coherence) are used and employ a variety of indicators (some empirical, some more judgmental) to assess the degree of change between the 1960s and the 1980s. He concludes that, although there is significant variation among countries, for the majority of them, and for the Latin American region as a whole, political parties have indeed become somewhat more institutionalized over time, thereby modestly enhancing the prospects for the consolidation of democracy in the 1990s.

SWEEPING CHANGES IN EASTERN EUROPE POSE A VARIETY OF CHALLENGES TO THEORIES OF REVOLUTION WHICH ARE ROOTED LARGELY IN THE EXPERIENCES OF SUCH AGRARIAN-BASED AUTOCRACIES AS THE FRENCH, RUSSIAN AND CHINESE. THIS ARTICLE ADDRESSES QUESTIONS OF THE CAUSES, PROCESSES, AND OUTCOMES OF THESE REVOLUTIONS, AS WELL AS THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE VERY TERM "REVOLUTION" ITSELF. THE AUTHOR ARGUES THAT A NEW GENERATION OF REVOLUTIONARY THEORY IS NEEDED TO INCORPORATE THE EXPERIENCES OF EASTERN EUROPE.