Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the structuring of the system of public administration in the context of scientific debate about the relationship between political and administrative process of public administration. In terms of this discussion the points of fundamental importance for theory and practice of management, particularly in developed democracies, are as follows: structure of public administration, composition of its elements and their role in management; public service, its scope, interrelation with other categories of employees; the role of administrative staff in the political process; the importance of interaction between public officials and politicians. It is justified that studying the experience of public administration in developed democracies acquires relevance in connection with the spread of European integration and the reform of public administration in accordance with European standards. Implementation of control functions in continental and Anglo-Saxon models of democracy has been considered. It is shown that the most important element of public administration is also coordination of all elements of the management system. Definition of the term "a public servant" used in different countries has been analyzed. It is stated that at the beginning of XXI century the role of public service in these countries has increased with the emergence of new areas of regulation that required the participation of public sector in control actions and in most activities directly. In the presence of numerous "special" characteristics inherent in post-socialist countries or post-colonial systems, as well as "individual" traits peculiar to each state separately, "in general" it is substantial to create a public service that would meet the needs of a particular political and administrative system in the modern conditions of world globalization.

The subject of this study was the theoretical-methodological and applied aspects of studying and analyzing the level of public trust in public authorities as a factor in the consolidation of society and state security. The authors used systemic and structural-functional approaches to analyze external and internal factors that affect the trust of the country's population in public administration bodies, and a situational approach to study the influence of spatial and temporal factors on the formation and development of public trust in government structures. The problem of studying the formation and development of trust in public bodies among the population is quite urgent, especially in the context of modern structural changes in the country, and the material proposed in the article allows us to identify the necessary trajectories of research into this phenomenon.

The article is devoted to substantiation of existing shortcomings in the mechanisms of delegation of powers between public authorities and local governments in Ukraine and the development of proposals for tools to improve them based on the analysis of foreign experience. Delegation mechanisms in Ukraine are imperfect, which is accompanied by problems such as legal conflicts, duplication of functions of local governments and local executive authorities at various levels, reduced financial self- sufficiency of local governments, imbalance of powers, which ultimately leads to increased corruption risks and reduced quality of provision. public services to the population. To confirm the imbalance of delegated powers of local governments, the calculation of the "vertical imbalance" of local budgets is used as a share of transfers from the state budget in the total local budget revenues. The article suggests ways to solve the problems of delegation of powers between public authorities and local governments in Ukraine is possible, in particular through the introduction of tools tested by positive foreign experience. Among such tools is the development of a single law on delegated powers, which will regulate the procedure and conditions for delegating powers to public authorities, local governments and their officials, in particular, the proposed structure of such a law by sections. It is also proposed to apply the practice of municipal contracts and outsourcing to increase the efficiency of management processes during the delegation of powers, and to follow the Carlton principle when delegating powers between government officials. The basic principles of delegation of powers, and also elements of the municipal contract are defined. Peculiarities of indirect delegation of powers (subdelegation) as one of the complex but successful trends in foreign practice of public administration are given.

The article analyzes the main promising areas of digitalization of local self-government in the context of management science. It is proved that such areas are: opening public information about the activities of local selfgovernment; introduction of e-democracy technologies; digitalization of management processes in local self-government; digitalization of public services by local self-government; introduction of smart technologies into community infrastructure at various levels. The choice of priority depends on the needs and priorities of a particular community and local self-government. As the scope of digitalization widens across society at large, multilevel governance arrangements have become more complex and more consequential to the coherence, performance, and accountability. While this assertion has arguably been true for quite some time, the emergence of Covid-19 has magnified its importance. At the moment, Ukraine already has positive examples of the use of «digital» technologies. The advantages that municipal structures receive from the introduction of digital technologies in their work have been shown. The results show that there is a relationship between the degree of digitalization in a municipality and the perceived satisfaction among its citizens. The findings show that outdated laws and the culture of paper document flows were institutional barriers to the digitalization. Other barriers included non-use of an integrated system implementation approach as well as inadequate and unreliable online access for all the participating units.

The review of the book "Men about Feminism" by two world-famous feminists Michael Kaufman and Michael Kimmel discusses the main ideas of this work. The review shows the motives that prompted two very selfsufficient researchers and activists to fight for gender equality and violence against women around the world to resort to the "collective defense" of feminism as a theory and practice, as a worldview of the modern world. of feminism as a theory and practice, as a worldview of the modern world. The authors prove the "naturalness" of the emergence and development of the feminist movement, especially in democratic countries, focused on man as a value and the protection of his rights as one of the main tasks of the modern state. The book focuses mainly on the male half of the community and proves the "benefits" of the feminist movement for both women and men.

The changes that have affected all spheres of society have also affected the existing stereotypes of gender behaviour, so the issue of the place and role of men and women in society focuses on research on the aspirations, interests and preferences of both sexes. Gender issues are studied in an interdisciplinary aspect, so recently there have been many studies in which the subject of discussion concerns different fields of science - psychology, philosophy, linguistics, journalism, sociology, political science and many others. To study the gender sphere of concept of contemporary periodicals for women and men, the following scientific methods are considered: descriptive method, analysis, content analysis, questionnaire, comparative method and induction. However, an attempt has been made to analyze different approaches to the study of concepts (in particular, gender). There are many different definitions of the concept, which indicates the complexity and ambiguity of the "concept" meaning, but there is a limit to the scientific description and understanding of the concept. The gender sphere of concept is a system of interactions of maximum concepts of man and woman, as well as their derivatives, which are called gender and social roles in society performed by man and woman. Concepts, sphere of concept include gender features, which allow a gender approach to study the gender sphere of concept of contemporary periodicals for women and men. The study of the gender sphere of concept within the framework of contemporary gender-labelled publications allows to identify and correlate metagender and gender concepts that appear in society.