The continuously increasing number of medical investigations using radiological methods imposes the strong necessity of informing patients about benefits and risks regarding radiation absorbed doses. Tracking the radiation doses absorbed by patients must be a future challenge of any medical system. The effective doses received by patients in many types of medical investigations must be calculated, transformed, recorded and cumulated. Doctors and patients must be very responsible in prescribing or demanding new radiological medical investigations. Radiological standards, legislation, guidelines, programmers and practice supervised by international commissions on radiology protection must include new specific measures for patients' cumulated doses. A pilot Romanian project had tried to accomplish some of these tasks.
This review explores the trajectory of photoplethysmography (PPG) technology from its inception in 1934 to its integration into smart devices in 2013. While PPG has proven effective in estimating left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and distinguishing between hypertensive and normotensive patients, challenges persist. The need for a robust mathematical model to explain physiological behaviors, address calibration protocols, and handle waveform variability is emphasized. Despite limitations, PPG is on the cusp of achieving clinical-grade confidence, particularly in estimating blood pressure and tracking vasomotor states. Integration into wearable devices is a prominent trend, with major companies exploring applications for improved health monitoring. Open-source databases and the availability of physiological data aim to enhance understanding, paving the way for universally accepted protocols. As PPG advances, it holds promise for personalized healthcare, revolutionizing treatment evaluations and preventive measures. However, potential disagreements over protocols may impede progress. Nevertheless, the technology's potential to remotely monitor cardiovascular markers could reduce physicians' workload for routine tasks. PPG stands as a beacon for the future of noninvasive cardiovascular assessment.
Over the last decade the continuous improvements in sensor technologies, connected with recent hardware reconfigurable devices evolution, enable engineers to merge sensors and reconfigurable devices to develop new applications or to improve the existing ones. The miniaturization and integration of multiple sensors in one chip and the increase of precision, stability and power efficiency allow sensors to play an even more important role in medical technology with the main objective of building more accurate and smaller devices that help medical personal to monitor human biomedical parameters. This paper describes a secured wireless system design and implementation. The proposed system consists in one or more wearable sensor nodes that measure human biomedical parameters and then sends the collected data to a base station in order to be analyzed by qualified personal. This system can be used to monitor patient state-of-health or to supervise military personal in training or even in battles, because the new system uses secured transmission. The typical monitored parameters are body temperature, blood oxygen level, heart rate, respiratory rate, movement and position of the subject, but it can be extended and more other different sensors such as cameras or microphones can be added. Reconfigurable devices are used to process data in both sensor node and base station in an innovative environment. Keywords: biomedical parameters, reconfigurable devices, sensor nodes, wireless.
