Suchergebnisse

THIS PAPER EXAMINES THE UNIFIED STATE POLICY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE USSR, AND THE SET OF COORDINATED DIRECTIVES AND SOCIAL MECHANISMS BY MEANS OF WHICH THESE DIRECTIVES ARE IMPLEMENTED. THE PROGRAM COVERS THE SCIENTIFIC GOALS, THE PROPER FORMATION OF THE WORK FORCE, AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF ECONOMIC LINKS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES. THE CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF GOALS IS STUDIED.

At head of title: N. Dobrov. ; "Izdanie avtora." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The USSR has adopted a unified state policy on science & technology as a means of enabling research to contribute as fully as possible to the interests of society. This policy includes criteria for selecting research goals, strategic guidelines, & choices of investment directions. Models for a long-term science policy are presented & compared as guides to planning for the next century. 1 Table, 2 Photographs, 12 References. W. H. Stoddard

Recognizing the need for the integration of 'technological' & 'social' assessment of scientific development into a single system of science management, particularly in the socialist countries, 'science policy' in Russia is viewed. General theoretical conclusions are drawn from the experience gained in scientific & technological development in order to control this process more effectively by the use of social means of action. State science policy is examined from its inception in the USSR when its urgent objective requirements were analyzed & embodied in important instruments of state by V. I. Lenin. The criteria to be satisfied by Soviet science policy included: serving the interests of the people in its widest sense; concentration on key problems of scientific & technological progress; team approach to scientists' work; internationalism & humanism of science, consistently endeavoring to bring about fruitful international cooperation; & homogeneity of the country's science & technology. New elements of science policy include a shift in emphasis from a quantitative to a qualitative approach & an assessment of the size of the scientific community & the social characteristics of the organization & management of Soviet science. Data are given on the rates of increase in the number of institutions & in the different categories of scientific personnel, on the overall structure of Soviet scientific personnel, classifying scientific bodies according to their specialty & specific role. The achievement of the general, long-term goal of Soviet science management is thought to be dependent on the solution of 3 central & interdependent problems of science management which are examined: the "goal orientation of science, scientific potential, effectiveness of science." In addition, the links between science-policy studies & the complex of sciences with which they closely interact are considered. Separate & brief mention is made of 2 scientific fields, psychology & law, in which cooperation between these & science policy studies has already begun. Law can be expected to make useful contributions to formulation of norms for the relationships between scientific groups & individuals within such groups, the elaboration of a system of fundamental state laws relating to science; psychology might be able to establish valuable criteria for assessing qualities of specialist scientific manpower, etc. In short, the social assessment of science is seen as an inseparable & important component of the scientifically based management of the social development of society. 5 Tables, 5 Figures. E. Loomis.

The relevance of this study due to the fact that the current situation in Russia is complemented by the negative effects of market reforms in the economy and economic sanctions adopted against our country and in particular the different level companies. In view of this, to effectively manage the activities and the development of aviation instrument companies and enterprises of different ownership forms are highly relevant issues related to the assessment of investment projects. The general crisis that engulfed almost all industry in Russia, demanded the application of a new ideology of the organization and management of investment projects, as well as their assessment at the enterprises of aviation instrument. In Russia, began a new stage in the development of project management establishment of a domestic methodology, complex tools and training for professional project management on the basis of domestic achievements, global experience and creativity of its processing based on the actual conditions of our country. The need for the use of project management methodology in Russia is determined by two factors: the increasing complexity of projects and the organizations that operate them, and the fact that project management is widely used in countries with market economies. Projects at the enterprises of aviation instrument making and evaluation are characterized by complexity and uncertainty, a significant dependence on the dynamic environment, including socio-economic, political, financial, economic, legislative influence of both the state and competing companies. In this paper, a study of modern methods of evaluating investment projects at the enterprises of aviation instrument. Methodology. The methodological basis of this paper appeared comparative and economic-mathematical analysis methods. Results. As part of the presentation of the present article the author, it was found that the activity of modern companies is not linear and is determined by a variety of environmental factors that can influence the reliability and stability of business development of the company. In the new (innovative or cognitive), the economy is not only a change of theoretical and empirical management paradigms based on a new understanding of the interaction of three key institutional actors (government, business and science), but also increases the level of uncertainty in making long-term management decisions related to investment projects. Conclusions / relevance. The proposed structure of the investment decision-making support system shows that a lot of administrative decisions should be localized in phase space is defined as a business reliability of the border. Output solutions beyond the phase space of growth and potentiates the risk may mean the loss of stability of the company. The bulk of the toolkit developed procedures formalized and rigorously justified, which greatly reduces the proportion of subjectivity inherent in all existing methods of management analysis. ; Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена тем, что в настоящее время обстановка в России дополняется негативными последствиями рыночных преобразований в экономике и экономическими санкциями, принятыми против нашего государства и в частности против компаний разного уровня. Ввиду этого, для эффективного управления деятельностью и развитием компаний авиационного приборостроения и предприятий разнообразных форм собственности весьма актуальными являются вопросы, связанные с оценкой инвестиционных проектов. Общий кризис, охвативший практически все отрасли России, потребовал применения новой идеологии организации и управления инвестиционными проектами, а также их оценкой на предприятиях авиационного приборостроения. В России начался новый этап в развитии управления проектами – создание отечественной методологии, комплексных средств и подготовка кадров для профессионального управления проектами на основе отечественных достижений, мирового опыта и творческой его переработки с учетом реальных условий нашей страны. Необходимость использования методологии управления проектами в России определяется двумя факторами: возрастающей сложностью проектов и организаций, их осуществляющих, и тем, что управление проектами широко применяется в странах с рыночной экономикой. Проекты на предприятиях авиационного приборостроения и их оценка характеризуются сложностью и неопределенностью, значительной зависимостью от динамического окружения, включающего социально-экономические, политические, финансово-экономические, законодательные влияния как государства, так и конкурирующих предприятий. В данной статье проведено исследование современных методов оценки инвестиционных проектов на предприятиях авиационного приборостроения. Методология. Методической основой данной статьи явились сравнительный и экономико-математический методы анализа. Результаты. В рамках изложения представленной статьи автором было установлено, что деятельность современных компаний не линейна и детерминирована множеством средовых факторов, которые могут оказывать влияние на надежность бизнеса и устойчивость развития самой компании. В новой (инновационной или когнитивной) экономике происходит не только смена теоретических и эмпирических управленческих парадигм, основанных на новом понимании взаимодействия трех ключевых институциональных акторов (государства, бизнеса и науки), но и возрастает уровень неопределенности при принятии долгосрочных управленческих решений, связанных с инвестиционными проектами. Выводы / значимость. Предложенная в работе структура системы поддержки принятия инвестиционных решений показывает, что некоторое множество управленческих решений должно быть локализовано в фазовом пространстве, определяемом как границы надежности бизнеса. Выход решения за рамки фазового пространства потенцирует рост рисков и может означать утрату устойчивости развития компании. В разработанном инструментарии основная часть процедур формализована и строго обоснована, что в значительной степени снижает долю субъективизма, присущего всем существующим методикам управленческого анализа.