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Marx and Hegel on the Dialectic of the Individual and the Social is a detailed investigation of the major works of Hegel and the young Marx exploring how the concept of the individual is positioned within their ontologies and how this positioning is reflected in their related political views.

The current Turkish government has failed to realize a holistic framework for gender equality. Its reluctance to implement UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on WPS agenda proves its essentialist and victimhood-oriented approach. This article tries to show how this approach has determined its political project—authoritarian, patriarchal, and conservative-confessional New Turkey—by concentrating on the policies issued by the Justice and Development Party (hereafter AKP) during the last twenty years. As a result of this project's implementation, women in Turkey and their CSOs have been negatively affected, especially after the 2016 crisis and the AKP adoption of increasingly sectarian/repressive policies.To shed light on the ongoing feminist-women/government tension, this article looks at the role of AKP's 'organic intellectuals' who operate within the Turkish society to support the government's project, relying on Gramscian and Marcusean insights while analysing AKP's authoritarianism according to Gramsci's Caesarist-Bonapartist model. Its organic intellectuals consolidate this traditional and religious vision of women in society. By putting women at the centre of religious discourses and making them a bearer of moral or ethical principles, the government reproduces, approves and reasserts their second-class position within society.

The article examines the concepts of authoritarianism and democracy in Turkey through an analysis of academic freedom. From its foundation, Turkish democracy has suffered from being hybrid, i.e., a combination of democratic and authoritarian elements. Since 2016, after the attempted coup d'état, Turkish parliamentarianism has been transformed into a one-man regime. This contribution analyses the new type of Turkish authoritarianism from its foundation, since the rise of Justice and Development Party (AKP), using the Gramscian concept of hegemony and the role of the intellectual. Then, the article presents an interview with a scholar still working in a Turkish university to better understand the state of academic freedom in Turkey. ; The article examines the concepts of authoritarianism and democracy in Turkey through an analysis of academic freedom. From its foundation, Turkish democracy has suffered from being hybrid, i.e., a combination of democratic and authoritarian elements. Since 2016, after the attempted coup d'état, Turkish parliamentarianism has been transformed into a one-man regime. This contribution analyses the new type of Turkish authoritarianism from its foundation, since the rise of Justice and Development Party (AKP), using the Gramscian concept of hegemony and the role of the intellectual. Then, the article presents an interview with a scholar still working in a Turkish university to better understand the state of academic freedom in Turkey.

This study will present and discuss the role of intellectuals in society through the analysis of a case of Turkey in relation to theory and praxis. The group of scholars who call themselves 'Academics for Peace' prepared and signed a petition against the attacks carried out by Turkish government in the Southeast of Turkey, with claim that 'they will not be party to this crime' and demanding the government to stop attacking the civilians. This petition leads the national and international reactions and movements. At a national level, because of the oppressions increased particularly after the coup attempt in 15 July 2016, many scholars signed the petition lose their jobs and they create different way to struggle against these repressions. At the international level, many institution and scholars manifest their support for 'Academics for Peace.' This research is based on the comparative study, which tries to reveal the problem through a historical and comparative work. It also tries to demonstrate the attitude of authoritative government to these intellectuals, which realizes its political discourses by anti-intellectual and populist expressions.Keywords: intellectual, theory, praxis, anti-intellectualism, populism, repression, academy, struggle, resistance, petition