Suchergebnisse

This book reveals the value and significance of pirate radio, with a special focus on local radio stations that broadcast illegally in Poland in the early 90s. It shows that many of them, like in other countries from the region, began as non-commercial, community-oriented initiatives. Several sources of information were used to maximize the potential of the study, especially documents gathered from public institutions, press articles, interviews with radio representatives, and decision-makers who influenced the shape of the broadcasting system. The analysis of these sources supports the conclusion that, although the pirates left a lasting legacy, they lost out in the licensed regime driven by market logic.

This article analyses the first licensing process carried out after the adoption of the Broadcasting Act in Poland in 1992. Great excitement surrounded the award of the first television licenses – especially nationwide licenses. However, this article focuses on an analysis of this process in the case of radio broadcasting. It is based on documents gathered in the Archives of the National Broadcasting Council, particularly on reports of meetings with the candidates for radio broadcasting. The analysis also includes articles published in newspapers. A personal interview with the Vice-Chair of the National Broadcasting Council was also used. The study aimed to determine the shape of the Polish radio market desired by the National Broadcasting Council and the focus of this institution during the first licensing process. The author noted that the Council concentrated on the financial aspects of the submitted applications. This thesis corresponds well with the trend observed by media experts in the transformation of media systems in Eastern Europe in the early 1990s and how market logic prevailed when shaping the new media system.

Dobrze zorganizowane archiwa radiowe są dziś nie tylko ważną częścią dziedzictwa kulturowego ludzkości, ale też kluczem do sukcesu w zakresie dotarcia do odbiorców, którzy słuchają radia nie tylko w tradycyjnych odbiornikach, jak również są coraz ważniejszym elementem procesu produkcji radiowej. W artykule zostały przedstawione różne przykłady praktyk stosowanych w tym zakresie zarówno przez stacje społeczne w Europie, jak i nienastawione na zysk inicjatywy radiowe w Polsce – koncesjonowane i internetowe stacje studenckie.

Traditional notions of journalism focus exclusively on professionals, often embedded in media outlets and publishing houses. However, preceding decades have seen transformations in the understanding of journalism. This contribution sets out to explore the role of community media in working towards the recognition of participatory, not-for-profit journalism, more diverse discourses and enhanced participation, especially in relation to minorities. This research draws on policy documents at the European level, reports from European projects with community media involvement as well as on interviews with community media activists and journalists. As a result, we can show strategies of bringing peripheral actors to the centre by using community media based on access and participation, social inclusion, giving a voice and media literacy development. The study proposes a model of the role of community media in shifting peripheral actors to more central positions.

In the Declaration of the Committee of Ministers on the role of community media in promoting social cohesion and intercultural dialogue passed on 11 February 2009 by the Council of Europe, stations run by religious institutions were explicitly excluded from the community media definition, as being too dependent on the Church. But the reality seems to be far from this definition. In practice, in many countries the religious radio stations officially belong to—or even dominate—this sector. In 2011 a new period began for community broadcasting in Hungary. While most of the former community media broadcasters could not find resources with which to operate, the community media landscape was dramatically overwhelmed by religious broadcasters both on regional and local levels. The legally-recognised third tier of broadcasting in Poland called 'social broadcasting' is actively and exclusively used by religious radio—seven stations broadcast locally and one is a powerful nationwide radio station called Radio Maryja. The authors gathered information and points of views from radio experts, organizations and activists living and working in different EU and non-EU states about the place of religious broadcasting in the community media sector. Two case-studies (Hungary and Poland) may be of interest for countries considering the introduction or reorganisation of regulations regarding community broadcasting.

In the Declaration of the Committee of Ministers on the role of community media in promoting social cohesion and intercultural dialogue passed on 11 February 2009 by the Council of Europe, stations run by religious institutions were explicitly excluded from the community media definition, as being too dependent on the Church. But the reality seems to be far from this definition. In practice, in many countries the religious radio stations officially belong to - or even dominate - this sector. In 2011 a new period began for community broadcasting in Hungary. While most of the former community media broadcasters could not find resources with which to operate, the community media landscape was dramatically overwhelmed by religious broadcasters both on regional and local levels. The legally-recognised third tier of broadcasting in Poland called 'social broadcasting' is actively and exclusively used by religious radio - seven stations broadcast locally and one is a powerful nationwide radio station called Radio Maryja. The authors gathered information and points of views from radio experts, organizations and activists living and working in different EU and non-EU states about the place of religious broadcasting in the community media sector. Two case-studies (Hungary and Poland) may be of interest for countries considering the introduction or reorganisation of regulations regarding community broadcasting. (author's abstract)

"Raport o stanie świata" to popularny, autorski podcast o charakterze informacyjno-publicystycznym dotyczący istotnych wydarzeń międzynarodowych wpisanych w przestrzeń społeczną, polityczną i gospodarczą. Finansowany jest przez tak zwanych patronów za pośrednictwem serwisu Patronite. W roku 2020 jego autor Dariusz Rosiak otrzymał tytuł Dziennikarza Roku w konkursie Grand Press. Celem badań było poznanie motywacji patronów podcastu. W badaniach ankietowych przeprowadzonych za pośrednictwem zamkniętej grupy facebookowej, skupiającej patronów finansujących "Raport o stanie świata", udział wzięło 80 respondentów. Odbyły się one między 10 a 21 maja 2021 roku. Do skonstruowania i dystrybucji ankiety wykorzystano platformę Google Forms. Zrealizowano także cztery wstępnie ustrukturyzowane wywiady z patronami podcastu w celu zebrania danych o charakterze jakościowym. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, aż 92,5% patronów zamierza dalej opłacać funkcjonowanie podcastu. Większość wskazała jako powód finansowego wsparcia jakość programu, osobowość prowadzących, zainteresowanie tematyką i chęć pomocy dziennikarzom. Badani zazwyczaj wyrażali pochlebne opinie na temat współpracy w grupie patronów. Jednym z niewielu mankamentów tej współpracy, wymienianym przez rozmówców, jest małe zaangażowanie moderatorów grupy facebookowej dedykowanej patronom.

Crowdfunding as a method of financing podcasting – the analysis of the motivations of supporters of "Raport o stanie świata"

"Raport o stanie świata" is a popular podcast of an informative and journalistic nature, dealing with important international social, political and economic subject matters. It is financed by the so-called patrons via the service Patronite. The author Dariusz Rosiak was awarded the title of the Journalist of the Year in the Polish Grand Press competition in 2020. The aim of the research was to get to know the motivations of the podcast patrons. 80 respondents took part in the conducted survey by the usage of a closed Facebook group gathering subscribers financing "Raport o stanie świata". The research was carried out from May 10 to May 21, 2021. The Google Forms platform was used to construct and distribute the survey. Four semi-structured interviews with podcast supporters were also organised in order to collect qualitative data. According to the survey results most of the subscribers indicate the quality of the programme, personality of the hosts, interest in the topic and willingness to help journalists as the reasons for financial support. The majority of the participants expressed flattering comments on cooperation in the group of supporters. However, some people noticed the problem of low involvement of the Facebook group moderators.

This article examines the community radio scene in Hungary, focusing on two stations in Budapest: Tilos Radio and EPER Radio. The authors explore the unique characteristics and principles of community radio in Hungary through desk research and interviews with key players in the community radio movement conducted in October 2022. They highlight how these two stations, while differing in their specific forms of community broadcasting, share a commonality of being independent and offering an alternative to mainstream and public radio programming. Sustainability was identified as a significant challenge facing community radio stations in Hungary, primarily because of unfriendly media policy promoting voices supporting the government. The article also provides characteristics of the community radio concept and the historical context of community radio in Hungary, noting that this country was the first in Central and Eastern Europe to incorporate the third broadcasting sector into media law.