Suchergebnisse

Die Nebenerwerbslandwirtschaft hat sowohl volkswirtschaftlich als auch gesellschafts- und umweltpolitisch eine wichtige Funktion. Das Buch beschreibt eingangs ihre Struktur und Entwicklung vor dem Hintergrund politischer Rahmenbedingungen und erläutert Standortvoraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Erwerbskombination. Es formuliert Einkommens-, Vermögenssicherungs- und arbeitswirtschaftliche Ziele, nennt Grundsätze für nachhaltiges Bestehen, bewertet inner- und außerlandwirtschaftliche Produktions- und Erwerbsalternativen, zeigt die Bedeutung zwischenbetrieblicher kooperativer Beziehungen auf, erklärt das Vorgehen bei Betriebsumstellungen und informiert über verfügbare Förder-, Aus- und Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen sowie Beratungsangebote. Weiterführende Literaturhinweise, Glossar und Register machen das Buch zu einem fundierten Nachschlagewerk für Praktiker, Beratungskräfte, agrar- und verbandspolitisch Aktive, Lehrende und Lernende aus dem breiten Feld des Agrarsektors. Empfehlenswert für Großstadtbibliotheken mit entsprechender Leserschaft und ausgebauten Landwirtschaftsbeständen. (3) (LK/MS: Flick)

Literaturverz. S. 254 - 255

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) surpluses and economic development on the regional level in China. With a balanced panel dataset covering 30 provinces of mainland China from 1988 to 2019, we employed panel cointegrating polynomial regression (CPR) analysis using fully modified OLS (FM-OLS) estimators. Our results suggested that all provinces exhibit a long-run cointegrated relationship between fertilizer surpluses and real per capita gross regional product (GRP). A total of 22 provinces out of 30 showed a significant inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Among those, 14 provinces are considered to have reached the peak and 8 provinces are considered to be before the peak. The group-mean turning points on the EKC are CNY 7022, CNY 9726, CNY 4697, CNY 3749, and CNY 5588 per capita GRP (1978 = 100) for the Northeast, Northcentral, Middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Southwest and Northwest China, respectively. The overall turning point of China is CNY 6705 per capita real gross domestic product (GDP), which was reached in circa 2012. This shows a general improvement of chemical fertilizer management in China. However, six provinces still exhibit linear growth in fertilizer surpluses when the economy grows. These regions are characterized by high cash-crop ratios and are mostly located along the southeast coast. Therefore, more effort and attention should be given to these regions to promote further fertilizer reduction. At the same time, nutrient use efficiencies should be improved, especially for cash crops such as fruit and vegetables.

In Albania, the agricultural sector is dominated to almost 60% by subsistence farming. Nevertheless, agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy, as it contributes to nearly 1/2 of employment in Albania and 1/5 to the GDP (ILO - International Labour Organisation, 2018).The government has applied different policies and instruments in collaboration with foreign associations (GIZ, FAO) to improve and further develop this sector by inviting farmers in new initiatives.Being part of an innovative organisation or being an innovative actor in terms of the role you play and functions you carry out in the value chain, are still considered as impasse by the majority of farmers in Albania. As a result, innovation and risk-taking are two factors that are contrary but strongly related to each other when it comes to the behaviour of Albanian farmers.

Political strategies to reduce negative environmental effects of agriculture can be divided into injunctions such as inhibitions and precepts, and into voluntary approaches. These two substantially different approaches are studied in the German Federal state of Baden-Württemberg, using as exampIes the Market Release and Landscape Conservation Programme (MEKA, voluntary), and the regional Regulation for Water Protection Areas (ScMLVO, compulsory) respectively. In order to evaluate the on-farrn effects of these two approaches, the differences between the programmes, and any significant differences between participating and non-participating farrns, a survey has been carried out involving 150 farmers in different parts of the state. As a second step, the attitudes of farmers towards MEKA and towards a range of other voluntary approaches have been analysed. The most significant results would indicate that the acceptance of voluntary programmes is based on an appropriate fmancial compensation for the required adjustments. If this is the case, this kind of programme would appear to have the same acceptance as injunctions. In general, the farmers have positive attitudes towards voluntary approaches, but their provisos are also growing as a function of the loss of influence felt to exist within these approaches. ; Les politiques agri-environnementales se répartissent en deux catégories: celles qui se traduisent par des contraintes imposées - interdictions et obligations et celles qui impliquent une démarche d'adhésion volontaire à un programme agri-environnemental. Ces deux types d'approche ont été étudiées dans le Land de Bade-Württemberg (RFA), à partir de deux situations : le Programme " Marktentlastungs- und Kulturlandschaftsausgleich " (MEKA, volontaire) et la réglementation régionale pour la protection des zones de captage (SchALVO, imposé). Les effets de ces programmes au niveau des exploitations, leurs différences ainsi que les différences entre participants et non participants ont été analysés après enquête ...

Political strategies to reduce negative environmental effects of agriculture can be divided into injunctions such as inhibitions and precepts, and into voluntary approaches. These two substantially different approaches are studied in the German Federal state of Baden-Württemberg, using as exampIes the Market Release and Landscape Conservation Programme (MEKA, voluntary), and the regional Regulation for Water Protection Areas (ScMLVO, compulsory) respectively. In order to evaluate the on-farrn effects of these two approaches, the differences between the programmes, and any significant differences between participating and non-participating farrns, a survey has been carried out involving 150 farmers in different parts of the state. As a second step, the attitudes of farmers towards MEKA and towards a range of other voluntary approaches have been analysed. The most significant results would indicate that the acceptance of voluntary programmes is based on an appropriate fmancial compensation for the required adjustments. If this is the case, this kind of programme would appear to have the same acceptance as injunctions. In general, the farmers have positive attitudes towards voluntary approaches, but their provisos are also growing as a function of the loss of influence felt to exist within these approaches. ; Les politiques agri-environnementales se répartissent en deux catégories: celles qui se traduisent par des contraintes imposées - interdictions et obligations et celles qui impliquent une démarche d'adhésion volontaire à un programme agri-environnemental. Ces deux types d'approche ont été étudiées dans le Land de Bade-Württemberg (RFA), à partir de deux situations : le Programme " Marktentlastungs- und Kulturlandschaftsausgleich " (MEKA, volontaire) et la réglementation régionale pour la protection des zones de captage (SchALVO, imposé). Les effets de ces programmes au niveau des exploitations, leurs différences ainsi que les différences entre participants et non participants ont été analysés après enquête réalisée auprès de 150 agriculteurs dans différents sites du Land. L'étude a également pris en compte les attitudes des agriculteurs vis-à-vis du MEKA et d'autres démarches d'adhésion volontaire. Les résultats montrent qu'une mesure agri-environnementale n'est acceptée que si elle s'accompagne d'une compensation financière adéquate. Dans ces conditions, les agriculteurs répondent de façon positive. Mais ils se montrent de plus en plus réservés à mesure que les restrictions imposées limitent de façon croissante leur droit de co-décision.

The extremely arid Aksu-Tarim Region (ATR) in northwestern China is one of the country's most important cotton production bases. However, in recent years, the negative ecological consequences of the intensive agricultural production become apparent. Apart from the degradation of riparian vegetation, competition for scarce water resources among farmers tightens. To be able to develop solutions for the aggravating problems, and sustain the ATR as a favored agricultural production base, it is decisive to clearly understand the land- and water-use development and its driving forces in the ATR. Statistical yearbook data from 1989 to 2011, comprising the four administrative regions of the ATR, namely Aksu and Bayangol prefectures, as well as Division 1 and Division 2 of the military farms, and annual producer price data constitute the data base for the present study. Relevant policy documents and data obtained through a stakeholder workshop complement the analysis. It is shown that agricultural land area more than doubled during the 1989–2011 period. This is a result of the interaction of: (1) vast population growth and related increase in agricultural labor; (2) positive price developments for fruits and cotton; (3) strong increase in agricultural profitability, triggering further land reclamation; (4) afforestation programs pushing for the establishment of orchards; and (5) insufficient restriction of agricultural land expansion. It is recommended to step up the efforts to move people out of agriculture into other sectors, and significantly improve agricultural water productivity by increasing yield levels and shifting crop production towards labor-intensive high-value commodities.