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Michael Klare argues that most wars of the future, like many of those of the past and present, will be caused by conflicts over natural resources, especially oil and water. As a consequence, he suggests that American national security policy focus "on oil field protection, the defense of maritime trade routes, and other aspects of resource security." This position represents a reaffirmation of the industrial and economic dimensions of U.S. national security. In effect, if Klare is right, we are witnessing a resurgence of a materialist strand of American strategic thought that has been prominent at least since Alfred Thayer Mahan. For strategists, neither the clash of civilizations, the tragedies of identity politics, nor the long-buried animosities of religion or ethnicity are sufficient motivations for the major sources of conflict in the modern world.

This anthology of articles from the quarterly, the "Naval College Review," is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the changing security environment facing the United States and, by extension, the U.S. Navy. The articles examine both the external position of the nation and the emerging internal political and institutional contexts that constrain military and naval policies and decision making. The second section looks specifically at the roles and missions of the Navy at the beginning of the 21st century. Its articles cover both long-standing issues, such as forward presence, and the new missions the Navy has assumed in recent years -- from projecting power far inland to providing theater and national missile defense, especially against opponents armed with nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons. The last section concentrates on military and naval transformation. The articles in this section provide some perspective on, perhaps even ballast for, the claims of proponents of the revolution in military affairs. Finally, the editor supplies a conclusion reviewing the main themes of the articles and the avenues to which they point. ; https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-newport-papers/1024/thumbnail.jpg

ABSTRACTCan nation states cope with numerous public policy challenges–ranging from regional financial crises to the failures of large financial services firms–posed by today's globalized financial and monetary landscape? As Benjamin Cohen has argued "governments must consciously adapt to a dramatic transformation of their status, from monopolists to oligopolists, if they are to adequately represent the interests of all their citizens in monetary affairs." This article briefly examines the nature of the policy challenges facing states and reviews the findings of symposium contributors who explored the national, regional and international responses of states to the fast moving global financial and monetary developments.

Impact of 1997 Asian crisis, capital control, financial regulation, France's monetary diplomacy, the Caribbean Common Market, Bolivia's financial reforms, and hedge funds; 6 articles. Contents: Testing alternative explanations of capital control liberalization, by Quan Li and Dale L. Smith; Politics, institutions, constructivism and the emerging international regime for financial regulation, by Tony Porter; Capital mobility, domestic politics, and French monetary diplomacy, by James I. Walsh, The impact of financial services globalization upon the Caribbean Common Market, by Dennis J. Gayle; Banking of the periphery: Bolivia's financial reforms, 1985-1996, by Frank A. Boyd, Jr.; The trouble with hedge funds, by Adam Harmes.