Suchergebnisse

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the game of football has spread across the territories of the Portuguese colonial empire in Africa—Angola, Mozambique, Guinea- Bissau, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe—quickly becoming part of the daily life of main colonial cities. It was introduced by Portuguese settlers and by individuals of other nationalities; in particular, members of the English business diaspora. Religious missions and schools as well as migrant individuals from trade and labor networks were all agents in the expansion of the game which, since the first decades of the century, has become integrated into the leisure practices of different imperial territories through the formation of clubs, associations, and tournaments. Sports associations were the most mobilizing form of its integration in the Portuguese colonial empire. This network became more extensive in colonies that were significantly urbanized, more populated, had more dynamic economies, and that had more settlers, who increasingly became fans of the game and followed competitions in the newspapers and on the radio. The institutionalization of the game incorporated the discriminatory structure of the Portuguese colonial system. The logic behind official sports policies created by the Estado Novo regime (1933–1974), which until the early 1960s did not include natives (indígenas), was thus applied. And yet, Africans soon took over the game, creating their own clubs and competitions. Resistance to Portuguese colonialism forced political changes, which resulted in a war fought on three different fronts, but also in a gradual abandonment of official policies of racial discrimination. In the colonial football sphere, this opening, combined with the development of a professional market, led to the movement of African players first to colonial clubs, and then to metropolitan clubs, and even to the national team. The fame and talent of these players, especially Eusébio da Silva Ferreira, ultimately helped in disseminating official government ...

Abstract
This article proposes a critical analysis of recent interpretations made to the history of architecture and urban planning in the Portuguese colonial context in the twentieth century, particularly in the former African territories. More generally, it intends to explore how the internal history produced by specific fields of activity, such as architecture or urbanism, can reinforce the logic of a national and nationalized history. This effect is due partly to the fact that the legitimacy of these fields is largely dependent on the national identification in the context of activities that are internationalized. I will argue that the specific field of activity, while creating this internal discourse, can directly or indirectly produce representations of the nation, its history and its people on a larger scale, penetrating popular culture and influencing a shared common sense. In the case in question, the internal discourse on architectural and urbanistic works, on authors and styles, eventually reinforces an idealized and idyllic image of Portuguese colonialism.

Focusing on the game of football performed in the outskirts of Lourenço Marques, the capital of colonial Mozambique, today's Maputo, the present article aims to demonstrate how the colonial situation in Mozambique during the last decades of Portuguese rule could be interpreted through the social and moral values that emerged from the dominant interactions in football matches. Association football is the grammatical basis for the construction of a particular language, which is the outcome of a contextual and porous adaptation to the surrounding colonial world, and is translated into the gestures and movements of football players, the individual cells of this shared idiom. In seeking to recover the contextual meaning of this language, this article will argue that the space of play, initially idealised as a locus of education by local African elites in the 1920s and 1930s, and afterwards criticised by colonial modernisers as a symptom of degeneration, possible political subversion and lack of economic productivity, was ultimately a field where the truth of the economy of symbolic practices and exchanges, which characterised everyday life in the suburbs of Lourenço Marques in the final stages of Portuguese rule in Mozambique, reigned.

The physical education model implemented by the Portuguese Estado Novo regime (1933—74), a specific adaptation of European models of physical education, aimed to train the 'body' and oversee the movements of athletes and students. This model intended to impose, through the action of state institutions, a practice that led to the creation of what is referred to in this article as an official motor habitus. Founded on an ideological basis, this state-controlled ideal type of bodily performance aspired ultimately to regulate all social phenomena that influence the production of sporting movements. Based on the works of the most relevant theoreticians of the Portuguese physical education model in this period, this article will analyse the ideological conception of an orthodox model of physical education that was a particular product of 'state reasoning'.

A Cidade e o Colonial / Nuno Domingos, Elsa Peralta -- Cidades em Angola: construções coloniais e reinvenções africanas / Isabel Castro Henriques, Miguel Pais Vieira -- A desigualdade como legado da cidade colonial: racismo e reprodução de mão-de-obra em Lourenço Marques / Nuno Domingos -- Cidades coloniais: fomento ou controlo? / Diogo Ramada Curto, Bernardo Pinto Da Cruz -- Poder e a paisagem social em mudança na Mueda, Moçambique / Harry G. West -- As ruínas das cidades: história e cultura material do Império Português da India (1850-1900) / Filipa Lowndes Vicente -- Lisboa, capital do império. Trânsitos, afiliações, transnacionalismos / Manuela Ribeiro Sanches -- "A juventude pode ser alegre sem ser irreverente". O concurso Yé-yé de 1966-67 e o luso-tropicalismo banal / Marcos Cardão -- A composição de um complexo de memória: O caso de Belém, Lisboa / Elsa Peralta -- A barraca pós-colonial: materialidade, memória e afeto na arquitetura informal / Eduardo Ascensão -- "Fomos conhecer um tal de Arroios": Construção de um lugar na imigração brasileira em Lisboa / Simone Frangella -- Um lugar estrutural? Legados coloniais e migrações globais numa rua em Lisboa / José Mapril -- A colónia, a metrópole e o que veio depois dela: para uma história da construção política do trabalho doméstico em Portugal / Nuno Dias -- Lisboa redescobre-se. A governança da diversidade cultural na cidade pós-colonial. A Scenescape da Mouraria / Nuno Oliveira

Résumé
Ce texte introduit les problématiques étudiées dans ce dossier consacré aux interactions entre sport et nationalismes : les discriminations de genre, le rituel nationaliste dans le stade, l'influence de la religion dans l'organisation sportive, les logiques de stratification sociale associées à la pratique et à la consommation du sport ou la dépolitisation favorisée par cette même consommation.
L'introduction dessine également un agenda de recherche qui promeut la méthode comparative. En effet, si l'univers de la Lusotopie a permis la création de son propre champ de comparaisons, certaines contributions de ce dossier suggèrent l'intérêt d'étendre l'exercice comparatif à d'autres périodes et espaces.

Résumé
En 1965, José Cutileiro, alors doctorant en anthropologie sociale à l'Université d'Oxford, envoie à son directeur de thèse, John Campbell, l'ébauche d'un essai ethnographique portant sur l'équipe de football du Sport Lisboa e Benfica où il a mené une enquête pionnière. Cet essai n'arrive jamais à destination car il est intercepté et conservé par la police politique portugaise. Plus de cinq décennies après sa rédaction, ce texte est publié pour la première fois. Il révèle un programme de recherche et des problématiques qui restent encore pertinents non seulement pour l'étude du football au Portugal mais surtout pour l'interprétation des structures historiques de la société portugaise. La publication de ce document inédit est précédé par une présentation qui insère la recherche par José Cutileiro dans les courants de l'anthropologie de l'époque, le mettant notamment en rapport avec les recherches menées par certaines figures de l'école de Manchester comme Max Gluckman.

ABSTRACT:The study of the urban experience in Lisbon, the former capital of the Portuguese empire, creates a specific observatory to interpret the colonial process and its post-colonial developments. Following an itinerary from colonial to post-colonial times, this article examines the continuities and discontinuities of Lisbon's urban dynamics linked with Portugal's colonial history through three interlinked processes. First, the material inscription of policies of national identity in the memory space of the city since the late nineteenth century until today. Second, the expansion of a network of economic relations that affected Lisbon's industrial, commercial and urban life. And finally, the development of a system of social and political organization, where spatial distribution and civil and political rights were unequally distributed.