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The aim of the article is to define the content of the concepts of gender and gender culture as socio-cultural phenomena. The method of comparative critical analysis of alternative interpretations of these constructs is used, on the basis of which an integral approach to understanding gender and gender culture is formulated. It is noted that the former characterizes the sociocultural functions of sexes and the system of interpersonal rela-tions between men and women. It includes images that reflect physiological and social differences between the sexes, social and cultural norms of behavior, as well as the system of social interactions between their rep-resentatives. The gender culture of society is defined as the system of organization of intersex relations that has developed in the social structure, including the balance of interpersonal interactions, gender standards of masculinity and femininity; norms in the sphere of communication (legal, moral, religious, etc.), stereotypes of behavior of representatives of different sexes. Gender culture of an individual is the consciousness and self-consciousness of the individual in the context of belonging to the male or female sex. In addition, the gender consciousness of an individual is the subject's perception of gender and the relationship between men and women. Gender self-awareness of an individual is gender self-identity, that is, who an individual imagines himself to be, and on the basis of which an individual's gender behavior is formed. The concepts of gender and gender culture as sociocultural phenomena are methodological tools for studying the specifics and dynamics of specific gender cultures emerging in certain sociocultural public systems.

The article deals with the problems of modern Russian education as the most important institution for the for-mation of national identity of youth. The relevance is based on the request to reconstruct the education system, which is caused by the change of ideological formats: a complex transition from globalist ideas, values of the European format towards deeply patriotic thinking, Russian socio-cultural identity. The real problems of modern education are investigated, the solution of which lies in the plane of two basic directions: education as a form of national identity and education as the most important system of personality formation. The author analyzes the ways of possible revival of the foundations of humanitarian knowledge among young people and points out the important role of two key concepts in this aspect. It is suggested to rethink the existing professional standard of a teacher, supplementing it with competencies reflecting the needs of modernity and challenges of the time. Conclusion dwells upon the necessity of systemic reforms capable of restoring the national traditional system of education with the priority of the pedagogical aspect, thus reviving the deep national identity of the youth.

The article examines the problem of personal identity in the post-industrial world characterized by the devel-opment of information and communication technologies. The relevance of the work is due to such a process of modern society as an identity crisis, a feeling of vulnerability, weakness, worthlessness, which, in turn, leads to deviations, pseudo-initialization, infantilism, and refusal to search for identity. The main disciplinary approach-es to the concept of identity are considered. Positive and negative factors of influence on identity from three major social institutions: mass media, Internet and mass culture are analyzed. Mass media allows immersing into the global information world and at the same time creates a threat of destruction, leveling of individual cul-ture in the global space; the Internet leads to the transformation of personality, forms a new identity, which con-tradicts with the already formed real identity, develops two-worldism in the consciousness of personality; mass culture generates a superficial perception of reality, neglect of moral and ethical norms, leads to a plural ex-pression of identity, dissatisfaction.

The article considers the mechanisms of assimilation of new knowledge in science - scientific communication (in particular, scientific discussion), justification, understanding. Scientific communication gives the results of individual cognitive acts a universal and necessary character. In scientific discussions, arguments are accumu-lated for the scientific community to choose more promising knowledge, and prerequisites for the recognition of new knowledge are formalized. Justification acts as a mechanism for giving knowledge an intersubjective character. As a result of establishing the conformity of new knowledge to those elements of science, the truth of which has already been proved, and checking the new knowledge for compliance with the criteria of truth and methodological regulators, the characteristics of the foundation – the truth and effectiveness of established knowledge, the characteristics of scientificity – are transferred to the new, justifiable knowledge. nderstanding is the mechanism of assimilation, which ensures the harmonization, conformity of new and old knowledge. Representation of the meaning of knowledge objects in content coincides with its introduction into already exist-ing more general scientific systems, for example, in a discipline, branch of knowledge, which ensures the har-monization of new and old knowledge.

The article describes the recognition factors of new knowledge in science. Relevance of the topic is determined by the growing for more than half a century influence of science on the development of all spheres of social life. The classification of the factors of assimilation of new scientific ideas on various grounds is given. Due to the distinction between internal and external regularities of science development, internal and external factors of new knowledge acceptance are distinguished, which is further concretized in their division into those condi-tioned by the logic of science development itself, worldview and socio-psychological. Since the assimilation of a new theory takes place in the process of its formation, factors that exist at the moment of the new theory's creation and those that are created as the theory itself develops are outlined. Examples from the history of sci-ence are presented, on the basis of which it is concluded that the untimeliness and inadequacy of the assess-ment and perception of new theories is associated with the non-simultaneity of the formation of recognition factors of different types. Relatively painless and calm assimilation of the new in science occurs when there is a unity of the above factors.

The article analyzes the conceptual apparatus used to characterize the sociocultural identity of a distinctive civilization in modern Russian discourse. A classification of conceptual approaches is provided for defining the sociocultural identity of an original civilization, categorizing them as normative-axiological, activity-based, comprehensive, and civilizational perspectives. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are critically evaluated. Based on the analysis of a complex of categories utilized to characterize the sociocultural identity of civilization, the author formulates an original approach to the issue. It is established that the sociocultural identity of a specific original civilization can be effectively theoretically reconstructed based on the civilizational approach and the identification of a complex of historically stable invariants. To characterize this complex, the concept of "sociocultural code of civilization" is proposed. The invariants that form the sociocultural code of civilization are integral characteristics that determine the method of social, political and spiritual organization of civilization.

The concept of gender has become increasingly prominent in scientific discourse, reflecting society's growing recognition of the complexities of human identity and social relations. In this article, the author delves into the multifaceted nature of gender and gender culture, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of these concepts within the framework of scientific inquiry. Gender research spans various academic disciplines, each offering unique insights into the complexities of gender dynamics. Linguistic studies explore the language and discourse surrounding gender, revealing how linguistic practices both reflect and shape gender norms and identities. Psychological research investigates the cognitive processes and social factors that influence gender identity formation and expression. Sociological inquiries examine the social structures and power dynamics that perpetuate gender inequality and discrimination. Philosophical analyzes interrogate the underlying assumptions and conceptual frameworks that underpin our understanding of gender. Cultural studies explore the diverse representations and practices that constitute gender culture within different societies and historical contexts. Gender culture in society is understood as a system of organizing intersexual relations that has developed within the social structure, encompassing a multitude of individual gender cultures and serving as a macroconstruct for them. The concepts of gender and gender culture as sociocultural phenomena serve as methodological tools for studying the specificity and dynamics of specific gender cultures that develop within various sociocultural societal systems. In conclusion, the study of gender and gender culture is essential for advancing our understanding of human diversity and social inequality. By critically examining the conceptual foundations and methodological approaches to gender research, we can contribute to the development of more inclusive and equitable societies that recognize and respect the full spectrum of gender identities and expressions.

The article presents the results of analyzing the concept of public health as a socio-cultural phenomenon. A critical analysis of existing approaches to defining public health is presented. It is substantiated that public health is not a constant sum of the individual health of members of a certain social community. According to the integral approach proposed by the authors, public health is a certain state of social systems that ensure the reproduction of physical life and individual health of the population, or the mass reproduction of physical life and individual health of a certain society, state, or large social group. It is shown that the systems whose state constitutes the content of the concept of public health include seven social systems: system of reproduction of the physical life of the population, system of demographic reproduction, public pedagogical system, system of reproduction of public consciousness, social economic system, political and legal systems of society, health care system. It is substantiated that public health also includes the health care system. The differences and connections between the concepts of "public health" and "health care" are considered. The relationship be-tween public health and medical policy is explored.

The article examines the components of the complex concept of "Byzantine identity". The relevance is based on the request of the modern Russian person in gaining a stable historical identity, establishing the boundaries of national identity. Understanding Byzantium as a civilization and its identity can help modern Russians understand the historical roots of their culture, see the connection between the past and the present, and find new ways to express their values. The article examines the view of philosophers and thinkers on Byzantium as a great civilization that firmly laid the foundations of Russian identity. K.N. Leontiev in his work points to the enormous role of Orthodoxy as a system-forming link of the Byzantine state, which defined the key concept of Byzantine identity. F.I. Uspensky provably asserts the leading role of Byzantium for the formation of Russian identity, discovering "Byzantinism" as a concept and describing the Byzantine "spiritual element" as a synthesis of Hellenism, Roman consciousness and Orthodoxy. N.Ya. Danilevsky proved the importance and regularity of the formation of Slavic culture as a special type of historical identity of the individual, asserted the advantages of the Slavic type, Slavic culture and spirituality over Catholicism. The Roman Empire and Roman citizenship, elements of Hellenic culture, and Orthodox Christianity served as the basis of Byzantine identity. The author comes to the conclusion that the Russian civilization borrowed from Byzantium a number of fundamental foundations of civilizational identity.

The aim of the article is to analyze the transformations of gender culture in modern society. Based on the method of comparative analysis of alternative interpretations of these transformations, the thesis about the cri-sis of gender culture in modern Western society is substantiated. The main factors that contribute to the defor-mation of gender identity, in particular urbanization, the spread of non-traditional religious movements, mass media and mass culture, are outlined. Five key manifestations of gender crisis are identified and analyzed: 1) destructive feminism; 2) gender neutrality; 3) transgenderism and transsexualism; 4) LGBT; 5) virtualization of gender roles. It is argued that Western ideology and practice of gender transformation is a destructive attempt to solve the demographic problem. The authors ascertain that it is necessary to take measures to confront the gender crisis and preserve the humanistic principles of traditional gender identity.

In the conditions of the permanent and diverse challenges of our time, threatening socio-political stability and the dynamic development of Russian society, the problem of patience as a national Russian trait is being actualized. The authors analyze the concept of patience that has developed in Russian philosophical self-consciousness and its correspondence to the real mass consciousness of the population. Objective and subjective patience are considered depending on the subject of patience. A distinction is also made between two modes of patience: passive humility and active, creative endurance, strength of mind. In the Russian national discourse, patience is seen as an element of the basic complex of traits of a national character, closely associated with Orthodox religiosity, patrimonialism, and humanism. The thesis is substantiated that there is an incomplete correlation between the philosophical concept of patience and modern Russian reality. The paradoxical loyalty of the population in the conditions of long-term social frustration of its basic social needs is determined by effective technologies for controlling mass consciousness.

The article is aimed at critical analysis of modern approaches to the definition of the intelligentsia's essence. Priority criteria are divided into three groups: social, personal (spiritual and moral) and ideological. The limita-tions of definitions of the intelligentsia based only on social criteria have been established. It is substantiated that neither one of these criteria separately, nor their mechanical sum exhausts the entire content of the con-cept. Likewise, the analysis of personal, spiritual and moral criteria of the intelligentsia also leads to the conclu-sion that they are insufficient, since there are no objective and reliable parameters to form a list of these crite-ria. The ideological criteria of the intelligentsia are also not sufficiently reliable, objective and scientific parame-ters of the intelligentsia as a social group in the context of competition between alternative ideologies and so-cial interests. The authors point out the methodological problems of attempts to combine social, personal and ideological criteria of the intelligentsia in various combinations. The key to the constructive integration of alter-native approaches to defining the intelligentsia is to define it as a special interclass, interstratal social group of producers of social consciousness and personality.