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In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

Šiame straipsnyje, išanalizavus šiuolaikines žurnalistinio profesionalumo sampratos kaitos struktūrines prielaidas ir naujas profesionalizacijos kryptis informacijos šaltinių naudojimo aspektu, atskleidžiamos Lietuvos vietinės spaudos žurnalistų informacijos šaltinių naudojimo tendencijos. Tiriamas žurnalistų informacijos šaltinių naudojimas pateikiant 2012 m. penkių rajonų savivaldybėse įgyvendintą piniginės socialinės paramos skirstymo pertvarką, kuri buvo dabar jau nacionaliniu mastu vykdomos skurdo mažinimo politikos reformos (decentralizacijos) eksperimentinis etapas. Taikant tinklo analizės metodą atskleidžiama, jog vietinės spaudos žurnalistų tinklas yra siauras, o informacijos šaltinių diversifikacija naujomis profesionalizacijos kryptimis yra maža. Tai rodo nepakankamą vietos žurnalistų profesionalumą, kuris jau netrukus gali tapti kliūtimi užtikrinant analizuotų žiniasklaidos organizacijų veiklos tęstinumą.Reikšminiai žodžiai: žurnalistų profesionalumas, profesionalizacija, informacijos šaltinių įvairinimas, piniginė socialinė parama, vietinė spauda. Lithuanian local media's sourcing of informationabout on-going changes in cash social assistance distribution:assessment of the professionalization of journalistsDžina Donauskaitė SummaryThe article presents an analysis of change of the liberal concept of journalistic professionalism and its structural premises. Drawing on the notion of journalistic professionalism not only as a normative but also as an analytic category, it claims that, despite the growing importance of the quantitative value of information in the contemporary media market, the high level of the professionalism needs to be considered as one of the preconditions for sustaining a successful and competitive media business. The need for the new four directions of journalistic professionalization with respect to the sourcing of information at the level of local media is formulated: 1) diversification of sources according to their decision-making power; 2) diversification of sources according to their position in the societal structure; 3) diversification of sources according to their distance; 4) diversification of sources according to their competences and experiences. Selected for empirical analysis are five local newspapers that were mediating the on-going changes in cash social assistance distribution in five Lithuanian rural municipalities. The main questions that have been guiding the empirical study were: 1) what the network of information sources used by local journalists consists of? 2) how are information sources in the network connected to each other? 3) do local journalists diversify their sources according to the new four directions defined in the theoretical analysis of the article? The results show that diversification is very limited – journalists rely on sources from local government, almost do not cite the interest groups involved in policy making, completely ignore scientists and other experts, although citing some affected welfare recipients and national-level sources. Overall, the networks of sources for local media journalists are very narrow. Therefore, it is discussed in the concluding remarks of the article whether these results might be interpreted as a signal of the impending and inevitable decline of the analysed local media in the nearest future.

Šiame straipsnyje, išanalizavus šiuolaikines žurnalistinio profesionalumo sampratos kaitos struktūrines prielaidas ir naujas profesionalizacijos kryptis informacijos šaltinių naudojimo aspektu, atskleidžiamos Lietuvos vietinės spaudos žurnalistų informacijos šaltinių naudojimo tendencijos. Tiriamas žurnalistų informacijos šaltinių naudojimas pateikiant 2012 m. penkių rajonų savivaldybėse įgyvendintą piniginės socialinės paramos skirstymo pertvarką, kuri buvo dabar jau nacionaliniu mastu vykdomos skurdo mažinimo politikos reformos (decentralizacijos) eksperimentinis etapas. Taikant tinklo analizės metodą atskleidžiama, jog vietinės spaudos žurnalistų tinklas yra siauras, o informacijos šaltinių diversifikacija naujomis profesionalizacijos kryptimis yra maža. Tai rodo nepakankamą vietos žurnalistų profesionalumą, kuris jau netrukus gali tapti kliūtimi užtikrinant analizuotų žiniasklaidos organizacijų veiklos tęstinumą.Reikšminiai žodžiai: žurnalistų profesionalumas, profesionalizacija, informacijos šaltinių įvairinimas, piniginė socialinė parama, vietinė spauda.

Lithuanian local media's sourcing of information about on-going changes in cash social assistance distribution: assessment of the professionalization of journalistsDžina Donauskaitė
SummaryThe article presents an analysis of change of the liberal concept of journalistic professionalism and its structural premises. Drawing on the notion of journalistic professionalism not only as a normative but also as an analytic category, it claims that, despite the growing importance of the quantitative value of information in the contemporary media market, the high level of the professionalism needs to be considered as one of the preconditions for sustaining a successful and competitive media business. The need for the new four directions of journalistic professionalization with respect to the sourcing of information at the level of local media is formulated: 1) diversification of sources according to their decision-making power; 2) diversification of sources according to their position in the societal structure; 3) diversification of sources according to their distance; 4) diversification of sources according to their competences and experiences. Selected for empirical analysis are five local newspapers that were mediating the on-going changes in cash social assistance distribution in five Lithuanian rural municipalities. The main questions that have been guiding the empirical study were: 1) what the network of information sources used by local journalists consists of? 2) how are information sources in the network connected to each other? 3) do local journalists diversify their sources according to the new four directions defined in the theoretical analysis of the article? The results show that diversification is very limited – journalists rely on sources from local government, almost do not cite the interest groups involved in policy making, completely ignore scientists and other experts, although citing some affected welfare recipients and national-level sources. Overall, the networks of sources for local media journalists are very narrow. Therefore, it is discussed in the concluding remarks of the article whether these results might be interpreted as a signal of the impending and inevitable decline of the analysed local media in the nearest future.

Community media, as opposed to mainstream newsmedia, is an alternative source of information which plays a facilitative role by encouraging community members to express their interests, to join policy debates, and therefore to give authorities feedback on how ongoing policy changes affect members of communities. Due to high levels of concentration of poverty in Lithuanian rural areas and the start of a social assistance decentralisation program to poor residents in five Lithuanian regional municipalities in 2012, the role of local media in policies concerning poverty reduction has increased. Content analysis of five newspapers that served communities affected by the changes reveals that community members are provided with options to communicate poverty issues through community media. This is an empirical finding which supports the author's claim, presented in this article, that analytical concept of rhisomatic community media rather than liberal critique of local press (which focuses on negative pressures from market and state institutions erected toward the media), is more useful for assessing deliberation processes in local newspapers. Research results show that while communicating poverty, community members prefer to communicate charity initiatives and not to directly engage in public policy debate. Coverage of policy changes is dominated by local authorities and community media journalists. Images of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor (often without references to actually existing cases) dominate poverty framing in an attempt to support new cash social assistance distributions. Despite facilitating some non-governmental community-organised poverty reduction initiatives, community media acts collaboratively towards on-going policy changes and fails in empowering the poor of the communities they serve.

Community media, as opposed to mainstream newsmedia, is an alternative source of information which plays a facilitative role by encouraging community members to express their interests, to join policy debates, and therefore to give authorities feedback on how ongoing policy changes affect members of communities. Due to high levels of concentration of poverty in Lithuanian rural areas and the start of a social assistance decentralisation program to poor residents in five Lithuanian regional municipalities in 2012, the role of local media in policies concerning poverty reduction has increased. Content analysis of five newspapers that served communities affected by the changes reveals that community members are provided with options to communicate poverty issues through community media. This is an empirical finding which supports the author's claim, presented in this article, that analytical concept of rhisomatic community media rather than liberal critique of local press (which focuses on negative pressures from market and state institutions erected toward the media), is more useful for assessing deliberation processes in local newspapers. Research results show that while communicating poverty, community members prefer to communicate charity initiatives and not to directly engage in public policy debate. Coverage of policy changes is dominated by local authorities and community media journalists. Images of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor (often without references to actually existing cases) dominate poverty framing in an attempt to support new cash social assistance distributions. Despite facilitating some non-governmental community-organised poverty reduction initiatives, community media acts collaboratively towards on-going policy changes and fails in empowering the poor of the communities they serve.

Community media, as opposed to mainstream newsmedia, is an alternative source of information which plays a facilitative role by encouraging community members to express their interests, to join policy debates, and therefore to give authorities feedback on how ongoing policy changes affect members of communities. Due to high levels of concentration of poverty in Lithuanian rural areas and the start of a social assistance decentralisation program to poor residents in five Lithuanian regional municipalities in 2012, the role of local media in policies concerning poverty reduction has increased. Content analysis of five newspapers that served communities affected by the changes reveals that community members are provided with options to communicate poverty issues through community media. This is an empirical finding which supports the author's claim, presented in this article, that analytical concept of rhisomatic community media rather than liberal critique of local press (which focuses on negative pressures from market and state institutions erected toward the media), is more useful for assessing deliberation processes in local newspapers. Research results show that while communicating poverty, community members prefer to communicate charity initiatives and not to directly engage in public policy debate. Coverage of policy changes is dominated by local authorities and community media journalists. Images of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor (often without references to actually existing cases) dominate poverty framing in an attempt to support new cash social assistance distributions. Despite facilitating some non-governmental community-organised poverty reduction initiatives, community media acts collaboratively towards on-going policy changes and fails in empowering the poor of the communities they serve.

Community media, as opposed to mainstream newsmedia, is an alternative source of information which plays a facilitative role by encouraging community members to express their interests, to join policy debates, and therefore to give authorities feedback on how ongoing policy changes affect members of communities. Due to high levels of concentration of poverty in Lithuanian rural areas and the start of a social assistance decentralisation program to poor residents in five Lithuanian regional municipalities in 2012, the role of local media in policies concerning poverty reduction has increased. Content analysis of five newspapers that served communities affected by the changes reveals that community members are provided with options to communicate poverty issues through community media. This is an empirical finding which supports the author's claim, presented in this article, that analytical concept of rhisomatic community media rather than liberal critique of local press (which focuses on negative pressures from market and state institutions erected toward the media), is more useful for assessing deliberation processes in local newspapers. Research results show that while communicating poverty, community members prefer to communicate charity initiatives and not to directly engage in public policy debate. Coverage of policy changes is dominated by local authorities and community media journalists. Images of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor (often without references to actually existing cases) dominate poverty framing in an attempt to support new cash social assistance distributions. Despite facilitating some non-governmental community-organised poverty reduction initiatives, community media acts collaboratively towards on-going policy changes and fails in empowering the poor of the communities they serve.