Suchergebnisse

Antibiotic resistance in the environment: expert perspectives -- Antibiotic resistant bacteria in wildlife -- Genomic surveillance for One Health antimicrobial resistance: understanding human, animal, and environmental reservoirs and transmission -- Antibiotic resistance in pharmaceutical industry effluents and effluent-impacted environments -- Antibiotic resistance in municipal wastewater: A special focus on hospital effluents -- Control strategies to combat dissemination of antibiotic resistance in urban water systems -- Antibiotic resistance, sanitation and public health -- Antibiotic resistance and sanitation in India: current situation and future perspectives -- Mitigating antimicrobial resistance risks when using reclaimed municipal wastewater for agriculture -- Antibiotic resistance in soil -- Religious Mass Gathering (Hajj) and Antimicrobial Resistance: From Challenges to Opportunities -- Human movement and transmission of anti-microbial resistant bacteria.

European legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) from 2000 and the Environmental Quality Standards Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive both from 2008 focus on a range of priority substances (PSs) with the aim of obtaining an ecological and chemical healthy environment. This should be obtained through reducing releases or phasing out of discharges said chemicals. In order to appropriately design emission control strategies (ECSs) and monitor releases before and after implementation of various measures it is required to identify pollution sources and releases, and thereby establish an appropriate inventory containing such information. Suited for this purpose a Source Classification Framework (SCF) was developed. It consists of harmonized European classification codes for economic activities and emission processes combined with the CAS# for the PS as well as an urban structure descriptor. It also includes a release profile descriptor and when ever possible the release factor describing the extent of PS release from a given pollution source, i.e. commodity or activity. It has been possible to establish PS emission inventories for a given catchment of an urban environment by testing the approach on a range of the PSs listed on the WFD, and thereby identify potential problematic pollution sources. To the extent published data on release factors allows it, it has also been possible to quantify PS load to the considered catchment and thereby compare with European environmental quality standards for the considered PSs. The developed SCF emphasized the need for further knowledge and research within the area of quantification of PS releases from given commodities and activities. These release factors are required for a more thorough, solid and valid quantification of the PS environmental emission. The SCF also provides a well structured approach for European pollutant source and release classification and management. With further European wide implementation, the SCF has the potential or an optimized ECS in order to obtain good chemical status of European water bodies.

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater was first reported in March 2020. Over the subsequent months, the potential for wastewater surveillance to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation programmes has been the focus of intense national and international research activities, gaining the attention of policy makers and the public. As a new application of an established methodology, focused collaboration between public health practitioners and wastewater researchers is essential to developing a common understanding on how, when and where the outputs of this non-invasive community-level approach can deliver actionable outcomes for public health authorities. Within this context, the NORMAN SCORE "SARS-CoV-2 in sewage" database provides a platform for rapid, open access data sharing, validated by the uploading of 276 data sets from nine countries to-date. Through offering direct access to underpinning meta-data sets (and describing its use in data interpretation), the NORMAN SCORE database is a resource for the development of recommendations on minimum data requirements for wastewater pathogen surveillance. It is also a tool to engage public health practitioners in discussions on use of the approach, providing an opportunity to build mutual understanding of the demand and supply for data and facilitate the translation of this promising research application into public health practice. ; All authors wish to thank the WWTP operators for providing samples. LL, AH and MV would like to acknowledge the VINNOVA (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems) DRIZZLE – Centre for Stormwater Management (Grant no. 2016-05176) and the technical expertise provided by the Stormwater&Sewers network, Nireas-International Water Research Center of the University of Cyprus would like to thank the Sewerage Board of Limassol-Amathus (SBLA), the Sewerage Board of Nicosia (SBN) and the Paralimni Sewerage Board (PSB) for the provision of influent samples, for the purpose of performing this work. MPD wishes to thank COVIDBENS Inv04020 financed by EDAR Bens S.A, A Coruña, FYL wishes to thank Z Cetecioglu Gurol (KTH) and P Haglund (Umeå University) and TM would like to acknowledge financial support from APVV-19-0250, PP-COVID-20-0019, ASS8 and VIR-SCAN. Authors from the Univ Jaume LB, FH, MB and RdL acknowledge the financial support from Dirección General del Agua, Generalitat Valenciana, to develop the project "Covid_Wastewater", as well as the help E. Santateresa and N. Zamorano from FACSA, for the invaluable support in performing this work. RdL. was funded through a Beatriz Galindo Fellowship of the Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, Spanish Government (BEAGAL18/00042). TM wishes to thank the generous support of the Operational Program Integrated Infrastructure for the project "Strategic research in the field of SMART monitoring, treatment and preventive protection against coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) ", Project no. 313011ASS8 (co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund) and the project VIR-SCAN - Wastewater monitoring data as an early warning tool to alert COVID-19 in the population (EOSCsecretariat.eu has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Program call H2020-INFRAEOSC- 05-2018-2019, grant Agreement number 831644). SK (IBISS) acknowledges the financial support from Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia grant No 451-03-9/2021-14/ 200007.