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Main objective of the article is to investigate traits of the institutional process in social politics of the European countries, which compiled an advanced experience in this aspect. Relevance of the study is accounted by the fact that for the first time in the Ukrainian scientific literature the complex research is used as to the essence of social politics concepts and institutional formations on the basis of foreign historiography providing the institutional analysis broadening. Such an approach contributes to perception of social politics as a public institution, which formation and development are predetermined by the public relations whole system functioning, which enables to evaluate a social politics as a complex, multilateral evolutional system. Given research is based on such methods as analysis, synthesis, deduction, modeling, as well as on evolutional, comparative, and system approaches. The main results of the study include the following conclusions. Firstly, it is stated that the achievements of the modern civilization development strategy stimulate social progress, which is to be provided by a certain legislation to guarantee human rights. Social politics of the EU is worked out and realized on two levels – all-union and within the framework of national states. That's why the article uses such terms as "social politics of EU" and "national social politics of a certain country". Rather significant is the concept of universalism dealing with distribution of resources among all members of a society and been interpreted as a fundamental principle of social politics. An accent is made on marginal and institutional aspects in the field of social politics. It should be especially noted that the workers social rights institutionalization was a turning point in determining their citizenship and socialization. Social rights got by the workers, became an important factor of the society modernization, in which both men and women got rid off a routine and paternalistic social order.