Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Foreword -- References -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Charts -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction to the Palgrave Handbook of Comparative Economics -- 1 What's in a Term? -- 2 The "Old" Comparative Economics: The Origin of the Field -- 3 From "Old" to "New" Comparative Economics -- 4 Further Evolutions: More Institutions, More Outcomes -- 5 Structure of the Book -- 6 Some More Guidance on How to Read This Handbook -- References -- Part I: Evolution of the Field of Comparative Economics Systems -- 2: A Historiography of Comparative Economics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Economic Comparisons -- 3 Economic Systems Based on Religion and Utopias -- 4 Toward Systems Based on Self-Interest -- 5 General Equilibrium Theory and the Pareto Principle -- 6 Sovietology as Comparative Economics -- 7 The Economic System -- 8 The Economics of Transition -- 9 The New Comparative Economics -- 10 Institutions -- 11 Conclusion -- References -- 3: The Soviet Economic System: An Archival Re-evaluation -- 1 Western Historiography of the Soviet Economy -- 2 The Archival Revolution -- 3 Planners' Preference of the Dictator -- 4 The Stalin Dictatorship -- 5 The Planned Economy: Gosplan -- 6 Resource Managers Versus Planners -- 7 Money and Prices -- 8 Freezing the Economy at the Achieved Level -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- 4: Institutions, Institutional Systems and Their Dynamics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Institutions and Institutional Systems -- 3 Different Institutional Systems Have Different Dynamics -- 4 The Typology of Institutional Systems and of the Major Transitions -- 5 Transition Toward Socialism and Away from It -- 6 Economic Transitions Under Democracy -- 7 Authoritarian Transitions After Free Elections -- 8 Concluding Comments -- References.

This book, a third edition, has been significantly expanded and updated. It revisits the process of institutional change: its characteristics, determinants and implications for economic performance. New chapters address the significance of Post-Communist transition, the differences and importance of initial conditions in institutional building, and, social norms, values, and happiness. Other chapters have been expanded to include, for example, a focus on the Washington consensus, commentary on the 2008 financial crisis, state capacity and corruption, and new findings on redistribution and inequality, and With specific focus on Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, this revised edition examines the process of development, and its interdependence with institutions.

Abstract
Is 'individualism' pure selfishness? The climate change literature often assumes so. However, individualism can be seen as capturing values aligned with self-determination and self-achievement but also universalism. Indeed, cultural psychology recognises individualism as reflecting both personal agency and one's embeddedness, not in narrowly defined in-groups, but in society broadly. Through this lens, individualism can be consistent with adopting pro-social behaviours, including climate-friendly behaviours. But the under-exploration of the concept means empirical evidence is limited. Using cross-country, cross-sectional data we find that individualistic values are associated with an increased willingness to take individual-level actions against climate change. Individualism is also not associated with less support for additional taxes levied to fight climate change, and those willing to take more individual level actions against climate change are also more supportive of additional climate change taxes. Overall, our results confirm that individualism can be associated with taking actions for the greater good.

This paper investigates the potential impact of post EU-accession public support, namely the introduction of the decoupled Single Area Payment (SAP), in Lithuania on its farming sector's restructuring and future efficiency. Analyses are based on efficiency calculations with 2001-2002 FADN data for fieldcrop farms, and on the same sample's farmers' intentions to remain in the sector and to expand their area post EU-accession under two scenarios: a hypothetical scenario of continuing pre-accession national policies, and a realistic scenario of fully decoupled SAP introduction with coupled national top-ups. Our results suggest that, before accession to the EU, the smallest inefficient farms remained in the sector thanks to the policy support. However, the SAP introduction could potentially give the right incentives to Lithuanian farmers for a quicker restructuring and an increase in farm efficiency, although such change may be impeded by the lack of available agricultural land. ; Nous analysons ici l'impact potentiel du soutien public en Lituanie après l'adhésion du pays à l'Union Européenne (UE), c'est-à-dire l'impact des paiements directs à l'hectare (« Single Area Payments », SAP) sur la restructuration et l'efficacité future du secteur agricole. Nos analyses reposent sur des calculs d'efficacité à partir de données individuelles pour les exploitations de grandes cultures du RICA 2001-2002, et sur les intentions de ces mêmes exploitations de rester dans le secteur agricole et d'agrandir leur surface après l'adhésion à l'UE selon deux scénarios : un scénario hypothétique de la conservation des politiques nationales appliquées pré-adhésion, et un scénario réaliste d'introduction des paiements directs découplés de la PAC (les « SAP ») et des paiements supplémentaires couplés pris en charge sur le budget national. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'avant l'adhésion à l'UE les plus petites exploitations inefficaces restaient dans le secteur grâce au soutien public national. Néanmoins, l'introduction des paiements directs ...

This paper starts the debate regarding the likely impact of post-accession public support in the New Member States on their farming sector's efficiency. While one aim of farm support in the European Union (EU) is to promote efficient farms that can compete internationally, a higher level of support via the Single Area Payment (SAP) may have adverse effects on farms' performance. Analyses using pre-accession technical efficiency scores calculated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and post-accession farmer's intentions, lead to the conclusion that the implementation of the SAP may decrease farm efficiency. The main reasons are the negative link between farm efficiency and subsidies already present in pre-EU accession Lithuania, and the change in incentives given to less efficient farms by the introduction of SAP.

This paper starts the debate regarding the likely impact of post-accession public support in the New Member States on their farming sector's efficiency. While one aim of farm support in the European Union (EU) is to promote efficient farms that can compete internationally, a higher level of support via the Single Area Payment (SAP) may have adverse effects on farms' performance. Analyses using pre-accession technical efficiency scores calculated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and post-accession farmer's intentions, lead to the conclusion that the implementation of the SAP may decrease farm efficiency. The main reasons are the negative link between farm efficiency and subsidies already present in pre-EU accession Lithuania, and the change in incentives given to less efficient farms by the introduction of SAP.

AbstractIndividualistic values are often presented as promoting economic development; however, their links to relevant behaviour and preferences at the micro-level remain under-explored. Here we investigate the relationship between individualistic values and personal attitudes towards reporting corruption. Unlike much of the previous research which focuses on attitudes towards corruption, we analyse the micro-level mechanisms relating to one's willingness to escape the status quo and act against corruption. We also focus on a region associated with persistently high levels of perceived corruption. Our findings indicate that individualism is associated with a greater likelihood to act against corruption. The effect estimated is small but highly significant and robust to changes in estimators and specifications. We also find evidence that institutional trust and individualism strengthen each other to generate greater willingness to report corruption.