Suchergebnisse

The four chapters of this thesis aim to better understand citizens' attitudes towards environmental policies. The first chapter assesses the redistributive impact of the French carbon tax. It shows that the carbon tax is regressive, but could be made progressive if its revenue were returned uniformly to all households. However, the policy would generate significant horizontal redistributive effects and penalize a large share of modest households. Based on a new survey with a large representative sample, the second chapter co-authored with Adrien Fabre shows that the French are opposed to the carbon tax even if its revenue is returned to them uniformly. This rejection goes hand in hand with strongly rooted pessimistic perceptions of the effects of the policy, which can be explained by the respondents' mistrust. Our analysis shows, however, that when households are convinced of the objective effects of the policy - on their purchasing power, on the environment, and in redistributive terms - their support increases very significantly. The third chapter, based on the same survey, is more descriptive. It aims to assess French attitudes towards climate change and the prospects for French climate policy after the Yellow Vest crisis. The fourth chapter, more theoretical, uses a model to study how environmental disasters affect consumption, investment and environmental protection decisions according to people's attitude to risk. ; Les quatre chapitres de cette thèse visent à mieux comprendre l'attitude des citoyens vis-à-vis des politiques environnementales. Le premier chapitre évalue l'impact redistributif de la taxe carbone française. Il montre que la taxe carbone est régressive, mais pourrait être rendue progressive si son revenu était retourné de manière uniforme à tous les ménages. Toutefois, la politique générerait d'importants effets redistributifs horizontaux et pénaliserait une part importante des ménages modestes. A partir d'une nouvelle enquête sur un échantillon représentatif, le deuxième chapitre co-écrit avec Adrien Fabre montre que les Français sont opposés à la taxe carbone même si le revenu leur est reversé uniformément. Ce rejet va de pair avec des perceptions pessimistes fortement ancrées des effets de la politique, que l'on peut expliquer par la défiance des répondants. Notre analyse montre toutefois que lorsque les ménages sont convaincus des effets objectifs de la politique - sur leur pouvoir d'achat, sur l'environnement, et en termes redistributifs - leur soutien augmente très largement. Le troisième chapitre, basé sur la même enquête, est plus descriptif. Il a pour objectif d'évaluer l'attitude des Français vis-à-vis du changement climatique, et les perspectives de la politique climatique française après la crise des Gilets Jaunes. Le quatrième chapitre, plus théorique, étudie à partir d'un modèle comment les catastrophes environnementales jouent sur les décisions de consommation, d'investissement, et de protection de l'environnement en fonction de l'attitude des individus face au risque.

The four chapters of this thesis aim to better understand citizens' attitudes towards environmental policies. The first chapter assesses the redistributive impact of the French carbon tax. It shows that the carbon tax is regressive, but could be made progressive if its revenue were returned uniformly to all households. However, the policy would generate significant horizontal redistributive effects and penalize a large share of modest households. Based on a new survey with a large representative sample, the second chapter co-authored with Adrien Fabre shows that the French are opposed to the carbon tax even if its revenue is returned to them uniformly. This rejection goes hand in hand with strongly rooted pessimistic perceptions of the effects of the policy, which can be explained by the respondents' mistrust. Our analysis shows, however, that when households are convinced of the objective effects of the policy - on their purchasing power, on the environment, and in redistributive terms - their support increases very significantly. The third chapter, based on the same survey, is more descriptive. It aims to assess French attitudes towards climate change and the prospects for French climate policy after the Yellow Vest crisis. The fourth chapter, more theoretical, uses a model to study how environmental disasters affect consumption, investment and environmental protection decisions according to people's attitude to risk. ; Les quatre chapitres de cette thèse visent à mieux comprendre l'attitude des citoyens vis-à-vis des politiques environnementales. Le premier chapitre évalue l'impact redistributif de la taxe carbone française. Il montre que la taxe carbone est régressive, mais pourrait être rendue progressive si son revenu était retourné de manière uniforme à tous les ménages. Toutefois, la politique générerait d'importants effets redistributifs horizontaux et pénaliserait une part importante des ménages modestes. A partir d'une nouvelle enquête sur un échantillon représentatif, le deuxième chapitre co-écrit avec Adrien Fabre montre que les Français sont opposés à la taxe carbone même si le revenu leur est reversé uniformément. Ce rejet va de pair avec des perceptions pessimistes fortement ancrées des effets de la politique, que l'on peut expliquer par la défiance des répondants. Notre analyse montre toutefois que lorsque les ménages sont convaincus des effets objectifs de la politique - sur leur pouvoir d'achat, sur l'environnement, et en termes redistributifs - leur soutien augmente très largement. Le troisième chapitre, basé sur la même enquête, est plus descriptif. Il a pour objectif d'évaluer l'attitude des Français vis-à-vis du changement climatique, et les perspectives de la politique climatique française après la crise des Gilets Jaunes. Le quatrième chapitre, plus théorique, étudie à partir d'un modèle comment les catastrophes environnementales jouent sur les décisions de consommation, d'investissement, et de protection de l'environnement en fonction de l'attitude des individus face au risque.

The four chapters of this thesis aim to better understand citizens' attitudes towards environmental policies. The first chapter assesses the redistributive impact of the French carbon tax. It shows that the carbon tax is regressive, but could be made progressive if its revenue were returned uniformly to all households. However, the policy would generate significant horizontal redistributive effects and penalize a large share of modest households. Based on a new survey with a large representative sample, the second chapter co-authored with Adrien Fabre shows that the French are opposed to the carbon tax even if its revenue is returned to them uniformly. This rejection goes hand in hand with strongly rooted pessimistic perceptions of the effects of the policy, which can be explained by the respondents' mistrust. Our analysis shows, however, that when households are convinced of the objective effects of the policy - on their purchasing power, on the environment, and in redistributive terms - their support increases very significantly. The third chapter, based on the same survey, is more descriptive. It aims to assess French attitudes towards climate change and the prospects for French climate policy after the Yellow Vest crisis. The fourth chapter, more theoretical, uses a model to study how environmental disasters affect consumption, investment and environmental protection decisions according to people's attitude to risk. ; Les quatre chapitres de cette thèse visent à mieux comprendre l'attitude des citoyens vis-à-vis des politiques environnementales. Le premier chapitre évalue l'impact redistributif de la taxe carbone française. Il montre que la taxe carbone est régressive, mais pourrait être rendue progressive si son revenu était retourné de manière uniforme à tous les ménages. Toutefois, la politique générerait d'importants effets redistributifs horizontaux et pénaliserait une part importante des ménages modestes. A partir d'une nouvelle enquête sur un échantillon représentatif, le deuxième chapitre co-écrit ...

The four chapters of this thesis aim to better understand citizens' attitudes towards environmental policies. The first chapter assesses the redistributive impact of the French carbon tax. It shows that the carbon tax is regressive, but could be made progressive if its revenue were returned uniformly to all households. However, the policy would generate significant horizontal redistributive effects and penalize a large share of modest households. Based on a new survey with a large representative sample, the second chapter co-authored with Adrien Fabre shows that the French are opposed to the carbon tax even if its revenue is returned to them uniformly. This rejection goes hand in hand with strongly rooted pessimistic perceptions of the effects of the policy, which can be explained by the respondents' mistrust. Our analysis shows, however, that when households are convinced of the objective effects of the policy - on their purchasing power, on the environment, and in redistributive terms - their support increases very significantly. The third chapter, based on the same survey, is more descriptive. It aims to assess French attitudes towards climate change and the prospects for French climate policy after the Yellow Vest crisis. The fourth chapter, more theoretical, uses a model to study how environmental disasters affect consumption, investment and environmental protection decisions according to people's attitude to risk. ; Les quatre chapitres de cette thèse visent à mieux comprendre l'attitude des citoyens vis-à-vis des politiques environnementales. Le premier chapitre évalue l'impact redistributif de la taxe carbone française. Il montre que la taxe carbone est régressive, mais pourrait être rendue progressive si son revenu était retourné de manière uniforme à tous les ménages. Toutefois, la politique générerait d'importants effets redistributifs horizontaux et pénaliserait une part importante des ménages modestes. A partir d'une nouvelle enquête sur un échantillon représentatif, le deuxième chapitre co-écrit avec Adrien Fabre montre que les Français sont opposés à la taxe carbone même si le revenu leur est reversé uniformément. Ce rejet va de pair avec des perceptions pessimistes fortement ancrées des effets de la politique, que l'on peut expliquer par la défiance des répondants. Notre analyse montre toutefois que lorsque les ménages sont convaincus des effets objectifs de la politique - sur leur pouvoir d'achat, sur l'environnement, et en termes redistributifs - leur soutien augmente très largement. Le troisième chapitre, basé sur la même enquête, est plus descriptif. Il a pour objectif d'évaluer l'attitude des Français vis-à-vis du changement climatique, et les perspectives de la politique climatique française après la crise des Gilets Jaunes. Le quatrième chapitre, plus théorique, étudie à partir d'un modèle comment les catastrophes environnementales jouent sur les décisions de consommation, d'investissement, et de protection de l'environnement en fonction de l'attitude des individus face au risque.

The four chapters of this thesis aim to better understand citizens' attitudes towards environmental policies. The first chapter assesses the redistributive impact of the French carbon tax. It shows that the carbon tax is regressive, but could be made progressive if its revenue were returned uniformly to all households. However, the policy would generate significant horizontal redistributive effects and penalize a large share of modest households. Based on a new survey with a large representative sample, the second chapter co-authored with Adrien Fabre shows that the French are opposed to the carbon tax even if its revenue is returned to them uniformly. This rejection goes hand in hand with strongly rooted pessimistic perceptions of the effects of the policy, which can be explained by the respondents' mistrust. Our analysis shows, however, that when households are convinced of the objective effects of the policy - on their purchasing power, on the environment, and in redistributive terms - their support increases very significantly. The third chapter, based on the same survey, is more descriptive. It aims to assess French attitudes towards climate change and the prospects for French climate policy after the Yellow Vest crisis. The fourth chapter, more theoretical, uses a model to study how environmental disasters affect consumption, investment and environmental protection decisions according to people's attitude to risk. ; Les quatre chapitres de cette thèse visent à mieux comprendre l'attitude des citoyens vis-à-vis des politiques environnementales. Le premier chapitre évalue l'impact redistributif de la taxe carbone française. Il montre que la taxe carbone est régressive, mais pourrait être rendue progressive si son revenu était retourné de manière uniforme à tous les ménages. Toutefois, la politique générerait d'importants effets redistributifs horizontaux et pénaliserait une part importante des ménages modestes. A partir d'une nouvelle enquête sur un échantillon représentatif, le deuxième chapitre co-écrit ...

International audience ; This paper aims to assess the prospects for French climate policies after the Yellow Vests crisis halted the planned increase in the carbon tax. From a large representative survey, we elicit knowledge, perceptions and values over climate change, we examine opinions relative to carbon taxation, and we assess support for other climate policies. Specific attention is given to the link between perceptions of climate change and attitudes towards policies. The paper also studies in detail the determinants of attitudes in terms of political and socio-demographic variables. Among many results, we find limited knowledge but high concern for climate change. We also document a large rejection of the carbon tax but majority support for stricter norms and green investments, and reveal the rationales behind these preferences. Our study entails policy recommendations, such as an information campaign on climate change. Indeed, we find that climate awareness increases support for climate policies but no evidence for the formation of opinions through partisan cues as in the US, suggesting that better access to science could foster support for climate policies.

International audience ; This paper aims to assess the prospects for French climate policies after the Yellow Vests crisis halted the planned increase in the carbon tax. From a large representative survey, we elicit knowledge, perceptions and values over climate change, we examine opinions relative to carbon taxation, and we assess support for other climate policies. Specific attention is given to the link between perceptions of climate change and attitudes towards policies. The paper also studies in detail the determinants of attitudes in terms of political and socio-demographic variables. Among many results, we find limited knowledge but high concern for climate change. We also document a large rejection of the carbon tax but majority support for stricter norms and green investments, and reveal the rationales behind these preferences. Our study entails policy recommendations, such as an information campaign on climate change. Indeed, we find that climate awareness increases support for climate policies but no evidence for the formation of opinions through partisan cues as in the US, suggesting that better access to science could foster support for climate policies.

This paper helps to understand how beliefs form and determine attitudes towards policies. Using a new survey and official households' survey data, we investigate the case of carbon taxation in France in the context of the Yellow Vests movement that started against it. We find that French people would largely reject a Tax & Dividend policy, i.e. a carbon tax whose revenues are redistributed uniformly to each adult. However, they also overestimate the negative impact of the scheme on their purchasing power, wrongly think it is regressive, and do not perceive it as environmentally effective. Using information about the scheme as instruments to robustly identify causal effects, our econometric analysis shows that if we could rectify these three biased beliefs, it would suffice to generate majority approval. Yet, only a small minority can be convinced by new information and revisions are biased towards pessimism. Finally, if overly pessimistic beliefs cause tax rejection, they also result from it through motivated reasoning, which manifests what we define as "tax aversion".

This paper helps to understand how beliefs form and determine attitudes towards policies. Using a new survey and official households' survey data, we investigate the case of carbon taxation in France in the context of the Yellow Vests movement that started against it. We find that French people would largely reject a Tax & Dividend policy, i.e. a carbon tax whose revenues are redistributed uniformly to each adult. However, they also overestimate the negative impact of the scheme on their purchasing power, wrongly think it is regressive, and do not perceive it as environmentally effective. Using information about the scheme as instruments to robustly identify causal effects, our econometric analysis shows that if we could rectify these three biased beliefs, it would suffice to generate majority approval. Yet, only a small minority can be convinced by new information and revisions are biased towards pessimism. Finally, if overly pessimistic beliefs cause tax rejection, they also result from it through motivated reasoning, which manifests what we define as "tax aversion".

International audience ; This paper aims to assess the prospects for French climate policies after the Yellow Vests crisis halted the planned increase in the carbon tax. From a large representative survey, we elicit knowledge, perceptions and values over climate change, we examine opinions relative to carbon taxation, and we assess support for other climate policies. Specific attention is given to the link between perceptions of climate change and attitudes towards policies. The paper also studies in detail the determinants of attitudes in terms of political and socio-demographic variables. Among many results, we find limited knowledge but high concern for climate change. We also document a large rejection of the carbon tax but majority support for stricter norms and green investments, and reveal the rationales behind these preferences. Our study entails policy recommendations, such as an information campaign on climate change. Indeed, we find that climate awareness increases support for climate policies but no evidence for the formation of opinions through partisan cues as in the US, suggesting that better access to science could foster support for climate policies.

International audience ; This paper aims to assess the prospects for French climate policies after the Yellow Vests crisis halted the planned increase in the carbon tax. From a large representative survey, we elicit knowledge, perceptions and values over climate change, we examine opinions relative to carbon taxation, and we assess support for other climate policies. Specific attention is given to the link between perceptions of climate change and attitudes towards policies. The paper also studies in detail the determinants of attitudes in terms of political and socio-demographic variables. Among many results, we find limited knowledge but high concern for climate change. We also document a large rejection of the carbon tax but majority support for stricter norms and green investments, and reveal the rationales behind these preferences. Our study entails policy recommendations, such as an information campaign on climate change. Indeed, we find that climate awareness increases support for climate policies but no evidence for the formation of opinions through partisan cues as in the US, suggesting that better access to science could foster support for climate policies.

This paper helps to understand how beliefs form and determine attitudes towards policies. Using a new survey and official households' survey data, we investigate the case of carbon taxation in France in the context of the Yellow Vests movement that started against it. We find that French people would largely reject a Tax & Dividend policy, i.e. a carbon tax whose revenues are redistributed uniformly to each adult. However, they also overestimate the negative impact of the scheme on their purchasing power, wrongly think it is regressive, and do not perceive it as environmentally effective. Using information about the scheme as instruments to robustly identify causal effects, our econometric analysis shows that if we could rectify these three biased beliefs, it would suffice to generate majority approval. Yet, only a small minority can be convinced by new information and revisions are biased towards pessimism. Finally, if overly pessimistic beliefs cause tax rejection, they also result from it through motivated reasoning, which manifests what we define as "tax aversion".

International audience ; This paper aims to assess the prospects for French climate policies after the Yellow Vests crisis halted the planned increase in the carbon tax. From a large representative survey, we elicit knowledge, perceptions and values over climate change, we examine opinions relative to carbon taxation, and we assess support for other climate policies. Specific attention is given to the link between perceptions of climate change and attitudes towards policies. The paper also studies in detail the determinants of attitudes in terms of political and socio-demographic variables. Among many results, we find limited knowledge but high concern for climate change. We also document a large rejection of the carbon tax but majority support for stricter norms and green investments, and reveal the rationales behind these preferences. Our study entails policy recommendations, such as an information campaign on climate change. Indeed, we find that climate awareness increases support for climate policies but no evidence for the formation of opinions through partisan cues as in the US, suggesting that better access to science could foster support for climate policies.

This paper helps to understand how beliefs form and determine attitudes towards policies. Using a new survey and official households' survey data, we investigate the case of carbon taxation in France in the context of the Yellow Vests movement that started against it. We find that French people would largely reject a Tax & Dividend policy, i.e. a carbon tax whose revenues are redistributed uniformly to each adult. However, they also overestimate the negative impact of the scheme on their purchasing power, wrongly think it is regressive, and do not perceive it as environmentally effective. Using information about the scheme as instruments to robustly identify causal effects, our econometric analysis shows that if we could rectify these three biased beliefs, it would suffice to generate majority approval. Yet, only a small minority can be convinced by new information and revisions are biased towards pessimism. Finally, if overly pessimistic beliefs cause tax rejection, they also result from it through motivated reasoning, which manifests what we define as "tax aversion".

This paper helps to understand how beliefs form and determine attitudes towards policies. Using a new survey and official households' survey data, we investigate the case of carbon taxation in France in the context of the Yellow Vests movement that started against it. We find that French people would largely reject a Tax & Dividend policy, i.e. a carbon tax whose revenues are redistributed uniformly to each adult. However, they also overestimate the negative impact of the scheme on their purchasing power, wrongly think it is regressive, and do not perceive it as environmentally effective. Using information about the scheme as instruments to robustly identify causal effects, our econometric analysis shows that if we could rectify these three biased beliefs, it would suffice to generate majority approval. Yet, only a small minority can be convinced by new information and revisions are biased towards pessimism. Finally, if overly pessimistic beliefs cause tax rejection, they also result from it through motivated reasoning, which manifests what we define as "tax aversion".