Suchergebnisse

This dissertation aims at contributing to the comparative analysis of trade and agricultural policies in Sub-Saharan Africa from a policy coherence for development point of view. The framework is established by reviewing the policies historically implemented in the region, linking them to the history of economic thought. The debates on the role of agriculture for development and on the use of public intervention and trade policies to promote development strategies are explored justifying the need to prioritize potential policy reforms based on their impacts on agriculture and economic growth, and the choice of computable general equilibrium modeling. Chapter I highlights the main challenges and opportunities for Sub-Saharan African agricultural trade stemming from the changes in the global agricultural markets and the trade agreements currently negotiated. Chapter II and III show that global computable general equilibrium provides a useful tool to compare regional integration to multilateral integration, in terms of their impacts on gross domestic product, welfare and sectoral growth distribution. Chapter III is a case study on Malawi. The global model is linked to a national model including household data to compare the distributional impacts of trade policies and agricultural policies on poverty. This dissertation highlights that regional integration could bring substantial economic gains to Sub-Saharan Africa, together with more diversified and more processed agricultural exports than multilateral integration. Not all policy reform is found to equally reduce the poverty of the small-scale farmers, the majority of the poors and vulnerable in Sub-Saharan Africa. ; Cette thèse procède à une analyse comparative des politiques commerciales et agricoles en Afrique sub-saharienne, en se concentrant sur la cohérence des politiques pour le développement. Elle examine les politiques mises en œuvre historiquement dans la région, en les reliant à l'histoire de la pensée économique, et explore les débats sur le rôle de ...

This dissertation aims at contributing to the comparative analysis of trade and agricultural policies in Sub-Saharan Africa from a policy coherence for development point of view. The framework is established by reviewing the policies historically implemented in the region, linking them to the history of economic thought. The debates on the role of agriculture for development and on the use of public intervention and trade policies to promote development strategies are explored justifying the need to prioritize potential policy reforms based on their impacts on agriculture and economic growth, and the choice of computable general equilibrium modeling. Chapter I highlights the main challenges and opportunities for Sub-Saharan African agricultural trade stemming from the changes in the global agricultural markets and the trade agreements currently negotiated. Chapter II and III show that global computable general equilibrium provides a useful tool to compare regional integration to multilateral integration, in terms of their impacts on gross domestic product, welfare and sectoral growth distribution. Chapter III is a case study on Malawi. The global model is linked to a national model including household data to compare the distributional impacts of trade policies and agricultural policies on poverty. This dissertation highlights that regional integration could bring substantial economic gains to Sub-Saharan Africa, together with more diversified and more processed agricultural exports than multilateral integration. Not all policy reform is found to equally reduce the poverty of the small-scale farmers, the majority of the poors and vulnerable in Sub-Saharan Africa. ; Cette thèse procède à une analyse comparative des politiques commerciales et agricoles en Afrique sub-saharienne, en se concentrant sur la cohérence des politiques pour le développement. Elle examine les politiques mises en œuvre historiquement dans la région, en les reliant à l'histoire de la pensée économique, et explore les débats sur le rôle de ...

Depuis 2008, les flambées des prix sur les marchés internationaux de produits alimentaires et la crainte d'une crise alimentaire mondiale ont attiré l'attention sur la relation entre les politiques agricoles et commerciales des grands pays agricoles et la sécurité alimentaire mondiale. Cette attention illustre l'idée largement répandue selon laquelle il existe quelques grands pays qui sont les acteurs dominants des marchés internationaux et qui seraient en position d'influencer, par leur politique, la sécurité alimentaire mondiale. L'objectif de notre papier est de discuter cette hypothèse. Il montre qu'effectivement, par la passé les Etats Unis, d'abord seul puis conjointement avec l'Union Européenne, ont pu contrôler les prix sur les marchés internationaux mais qu'il y a eu, au cours de la dernière décennie, multiplication du nombre de grands pays importateurs et/ou exportateurs. Ainsi aujourd'hui, plusieurs pays sont en situation d'influencer les prix internationaux mais aucun d'entre eux ne peut, ni ne veut, les contrôler. Le papier montre par ailleurs, que si les grands pays influent grandement et intentionnellement sur la sécurité alimentaire de leur propre population (qui compte pour presque la moitié des individus en insécurité alimentaire de la planète), leur influence sur la sécurité alimentaire du reste du monde est limitée par le faible degré d'intégration des marchés domestiques avec les marchés internationaux dans la plupart des pays en insécurité alimentaire.

This paper documents a Malawian Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the year 2007. The SAM is based on newly estimated supply-use tables, national accounts, government budgets, and balance of payments. The SAM reconciles these data using cross-entropy estimation techniques. The final SAM is a detailed representation of Malawi's economy. It separates 37 activities and commodities; 5 types of factors of production; and 10 representative household groups. Labor and household information is drawn from a nationally representative household survey. The SAM also identifies government, investment and foreign accounts. It provides an ideal tool for economy-wide impact assessments, including SAM-based multiplier analysis and computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The 2007 SAM for Malawi was developed by the Development Strategy and Governance Division (DSGD) at IFPRI. It was partly funded by USAID as part of their support to DSGD's Malawi Country Strategy Support Program (MaSSP). ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; DSGD