Suchergebnisse

International audience ; This paper aims at developing a new Smartphone application to further assess the actual warning system to face to flash floods occurring in France in small basins (of less than 50 km²). We mainly discuss in this paper of the condition of the establishment of a new system using the reactiveness of Smartphones. We hope 1) to reduce the time required for warnings and protect population; 2) to enhance data collection provided by citizens since local scales; 3) to built a collaborative vigilance and a standing guard network based on these " citizens-sensors" not depending on the official government systems; 4) to improve knowledge on flash floods damage observed in real-time. The solution is thought in the way to limit drawbacks between the classical approach (top-down) that imposed the government as a main warning source, and the citizens (bottom-up) we consider as " sensors " during crisis (both in going up 50 ISI. Volume 21 – n° 4/2016 or disseminating warning information). Addressing this is of paramount importance if we aim at minimizing material & human damages regarding the high acuity of flash floods. ; Cet article s'intéresse aux conditions nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre d'un système spécifiquement basé sur une application Smartphones en vue de contribuer à l'amélioration du dispositif actuel d'alerte face aux crues rapides dans les petits bassins versants (< 50 km²). Il s'agit surtout de savoir si un tel outil pourrait 1) réduire le temps nécessaire à l'alerte et à la protection des populations, 2) valoriser la collecte d'informations émanant des citoyens à l'échelle locale (dans une approche « bottom-up »), 3) faciliter la mise en place d'une vigilance entre les citoyens eux-mêmes en créant une sorte de « réseau sentinelles » indépendamment des services de l'Etat et 4) améliorer les connaissances sur les dommages observés en temps réel, alors que la vigilance actuelle se focalise principalement sur l'aléa hydrologique. La solution envisagée doit être pensée pour réduire les ...

International audience ; This paper aims at developing a new Smartphone application to further assess the actual warning system to face to flash floods occurring in France in small basins (of less than 50 km²). We mainly discuss in this paper of the condition of the establishment of a new system using the reactiveness of Smartphones. We hope 1) to reduce the time required for warnings and protect population; 2) to enhance data collection provided by citizens since local scales; 3) to built a collaborative vigilance and a standing guard network based on these " citizens-sensors" not depending on the official government systems; 4) to improve knowledge on flash floods damage observed in real-time. The solution is thought in the way to limit drawbacks between the classical approach (top-down) that imposed the government as a main warning source, and the citizens (bottom-up) we consider as " sensors " during crisis (both in going up 50 ISI. Volume 21 – n° 4/2016 or disseminating warning information). Addressing this is of paramount importance if we aim at minimizing material & human damages regarding the high acuity of flash floods. ; Cet article s'intéresse aux conditions nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre d'un système spécifiquement basé sur une application Smartphones en vue de contribuer à l'amélioration du dispositif actuel d'alerte face aux crues rapides dans les petits bassins versants (< 50 km²). Il s'agit surtout de savoir si un tel outil pourrait 1) réduire le temps nécessaire à l'alerte et à la protection des populations, 2) valoriser la collecte d'informations émanant des citoyens à l'échelle locale (dans une approche « bottom-up »), 3) faciliter la mise en place d'une vigilance entre les citoyens eux-mêmes en créant une sorte de « réseau sentinelles » indépendamment des services de l'Etat et 4) améliorer les connaissances sur les dommages observés en temps réel, alors que la vigilance actuelle se focalise principalement sur l'aléa hydrologique. La solution envisagée doit être pensée pour réduire les ...

International audience ; This paper aims at developing a new Smartphone application to further assess the actual warning system to face to flash floods occurring in France in small basins (of less than 50 km²). We mainly discuss in this paper of the condition of the establishment of a new system using the reactiveness of Smartphones. We hope 1) to reduce the time required for warnings and protect population; 2) to enhance data collection provided by citizens since local scales; 3) to built a collaborative vigilance and a standing guard network based on these " citizens-sensors" not depending on the official government systems; 4) to improve knowledge on flash floods damage observed in real-time. The solution is thought in the way to limit drawbacks between the classical approach (top-down) that imposed the government as a main warning source, and the citizens (bottom-up) we consider as " sensors " during crisis (both in going up 50 ISI. Volume 21 – n° 4/2016 or disseminating warning information). Addressing this is of paramount importance if we aim at minimizing material & human damages regarding the high acuity of flash floods. ; Cet article s'intéresse aux conditions nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre d'un système spécifiquement basé sur une application Smartphones en vue de contribuer à l'amélioration du dispositif actuel d'alerte face aux crues rapides dans les petits bassins versants (< 50 km²). Il s'agit surtout de savoir si un tel outil pourrait 1) réduire le temps nécessaire à l'alerte et à la protection des populations, 2) valoriser la collecte d'informations émanant des citoyens à l'échelle locale (dans une approche « bottom-up »), 3) faciliter la mise en place d'une vigilance entre les citoyens eux-mêmes en créant une sorte de « réseau sentinelles » indépendamment des services de l'Etat et 4) améliorer les connaissances sur les dommages observés en temps réel, alors que la vigilance actuelle se focalise principalement sur l'aléa hydrologique. La solution envisagée doit être pensée pour réduire les ...

International audience ; This paper aims at developing a new Smartphone application to further assess the actual warning system to face to flash floods occurring in France in small basins (of less than 50 km²). We mainly discuss in this paper of the condition of the establishment of a new system using the reactiveness of Smartphones. We hope 1) to reduce the time required for warnings and protect population; 2) to enhance data collection provided by citizens since local scales; 3) to built a collaborative vigilance and a standing guard network based on these " citizens-sensors" not depending on the official government systems; 4) to improve knowledge on flash floods damage observed in real-time. The solution is thought in the way to limit drawbacks between the classical approach (top-down) that imposed the government as a main warning source, and the citizens (bottom-up) we consider as " sensors " during crisis (both in going up 50 ISI. Volume 21 – n° 4/2016 or disseminating warning information). Addressing this is of paramount importance if we aim at minimizing material & human damages regarding the high acuity of flash floods. ; Cet article s'intéresse aux conditions nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre d'un système spécifiquement basé sur une application Smartphones en vue de contribuer à l'amélioration du dispositif actuel d'alerte face aux crues rapides dans les petits bassins versants (< 50 km²). Il s'agit surtout de savoir si un tel outil pourrait 1) réduire le temps nécessaire à l'alerte et à la protection des populations, 2) valoriser la collecte d'informations émanant des citoyens à l'échelle locale (dans une approche « bottom-up »), 3) faciliter la mise en place d'une vigilance entre les citoyens eux-mêmes en créant une sorte de « réseau sentinelles » indépendamment des services de l'Etat et 4) améliorer les connaissances sur les dommages observés en temps réel, alors que la vigilance actuelle se focalise principalement sur l'aléa hydrologique. La solution envisagée doit être pensée pour réduire les ...

International audience ; The paper draws the links between flood management and risk communication concerning planning policies and especially urban projects. We investigate three French sites along the Loire valley: Saint-Étienne, Orléans and Nantes. For this purpose, spatial multiscalar analysis gives an overview on the potential contradictions and loss of information between risk communication, spatial planning and urban projects. We demonstrate that regardless of demographic and economic trends, the city is spreading and taking over flooding areas. The principle of living with risk is a reality that the urban actors seem to accept. However, the integration of the risk in the urban policies is incomplete and heterogeneous. In this context, the paper will try to highlight these important discrepancies which appear in communication policies. If intermunicipal structures are developing new communication tools about flood risk, much remains to be done to alert the residents to this situation. In fact, flood risk seems to be ignored in urban construction at local scale. ; Cet article interroge les relations entre la gestion et la communication sur le risque inondation dans les politiques d'aménagement de trois agglomérations du bassin de la Loire : Saint-Étienne, Orléans et Nantes. Dans cette perspective, l'analyse multiscalaire réalisée génère de nombreux enseignements sur la manière de communiquer sur le risque, de le traduire en termes de planification et de le mettre en oeuvre au niveau des aménagements urbains : les résultats sont parfois contradictoires. Quelles que soient les dynamiques démographiques et économiques des trois villes, le principe de « vivre avec le risque » fait consensus. Toutefois, sa retranscription dans les politiques urbaines reste lacunaire. Si des efforts de communication sont présents à l'échelle d'une agglomération, ceux-ci se diluent mal au fur et à mesure que les échelles d'intervention se rapprochent de l'individu. Le risque d'inondation apparaît alors comme le principal oublié ...

International audience ; The paper draws the links between flood management and risk communication concerning planning policies and especially urban projects. We investigate three French sites along the Loire valley: Saint-Étienne, Orléans and Nantes. For this purpose, spatial multiscalar analysis gives an overview on the potential contradictions and loss of information between risk communication, spatial planning and urban projects. We demonstrate that regardless of demographic and economic trends, the city is spreading and taking over flooding areas. The principle of living with risk is a reality that the urban actors seem to accept. However, the integration of the risk in the urban policies is incomplete and heterogeneous. In this context, the paper will try to highlight these important discrepancies which appear in communication policies. If intermunicipal structures are developing new communication tools about flood risk, much remains to be done to alert the residents to this situation. In fact, flood risk seems to be ignored in urban construction at local scale. ; Cet article interroge les relations entre la gestion et la communication sur le risque inondation dans les politiques d'aménagement de trois agglomérations du bassin de la Loire : Saint-Étienne, Orléans et Nantes. Dans cette perspective, l'analyse multiscalaire réalisée génère de nombreux enseignements sur la manière de communiquer sur le risque, de le traduire en termes de planification et de le mettre en oeuvre au niveau des aménagements urbains : les résultats sont parfois contradictoires. Quelles que soient les dynamiques démographiques et économiques des trois villes, le principe de « vivre avec le risque » fait consensus. Toutefois, sa retranscription dans les politiques urbaines reste lacunaire. Si des efforts de communication sont présents à l'échelle d'une agglomération, ceux-ci se diluent mal au fur et à mesure que les échelles d'intervention se rapprochent de l'individu. Le risque d'inondation apparaît alors comme le principal oublié ...

International audience ; The paper draws the links between flood management and risk communication concerning planning policies and especially urban projects. We investigate three French sites along the Loire valley: Saint-Étienne, Orléans and Nantes. For this purpose, spatial multiscalar analysis gives an overview on the potential contradictions and loss of information between risk communication, spatial planning and urban projects. We demonstrate that regardless of demographic and economic trends, the city is spreading and taking over flooding areas. The principle of living with risk is a reality that the urban actors seem to accept. However, the integration of the risk in the urban policies is incomplete and heterogeneous. In this context, the paper will try to highlight these important discrepancies which appear in communication policies. If intermunicipal structures are developing new communication tools about flood risk, much remains to be done to alert the residents to this situation. In fact, flood risk seems to be ignored in urban construction at local scale. ; Cet article interroge les relations entre la gestion et la communication sur le risque inondation dans les politiques d'aménagement de trois agglomérations du bassin de la Loire : Saint-Étienne, Orléans et Nantes. Dans cette perspective, l'analyse multiscalaire réalisée génère de nombreux enseignements sur la manière de communiquer sur le risque, de le traduire en termes de planification et de le mettre en oeuvre au niveau des aménagements urbains : les résultats sont parfois contradictoires. Quelles que soient les dynamiques démographiques et économiques des trois villes, le principe de « vivre avec le risque » fait consensus. Toutefois, sa retranscription dans les politiques urbaines reste lacunaire. Si des efforts de communication sont présents à l'échelle d'une agglomération, ceux-ci se diluent mal au fur et à mesure que les échelles d'intervention se rapprochent de l'individu. Le risque d'inondation apparaît alors comme le principal oublié ...

International audience ; The paper draws the links between flood management and risk communication concerning planning policies and especially urban projects. We investigate three French sites along the Loire valley: Saint-Étienne, Orléans and Nantes. For this purpose, spatial multiscalar analysis gives an overview on the potential contradictions and loss of information between risk communication, spatial planning and urban projects. We demonstrate that regardless of demographic and economic trends, the city is spreading and taking over flooding areas. The principle of living with risk is a reality that the urban actors seem to accept. However, the integration of the risk in the urban policies is incomplete and heterogeneous. In this context, the paper will try to highlight these important discrepancies which appear in communication policies. If intermunicipal structures are developing new communication tools about flood risk, much remains to be done to alert the residents to this situation. In fact, flood risk seems to be ignored in urban construction at local scale. ; Cet article interroge les relations entre la gestion et la communication sur le risque inondation dans les politiques d'aménagement de trois agglomérations du bassin de la Loire : Saint-Étienne, Orléans et Nantes. Dans cette perspective, l'analyse multiscalaire réalisée génère de nombreux enseignements sur la manière de communiquer sur le risque, de le traduire en termes de planification et de le mettre en oeuvre au niveau des aménagements urbains : les résultats sont parfois contradictoires. Quelles que soient les dynamiques démographiques et économiques des trois villes, le principe de « vivre avec le risque » fait consensus. Toutefois, sa retranscription dans les politiques urbaines reste lacunaire. Si des efforts de communication sont présents à l'échelle d'une agglomération, ceux-ci se diluent mal au fur et à mesure que les échelles d'intervention se rapprochent de l'individu. Le risque d'inondation apparaît alors comme le principal oublié ...

International audience ; The paper draws the links between flood management and risk communication concerning planning policies and especially urban projects. We investigate three French sites along the Loire valley: Saint-Étienne, Orléans and Nantes. For this purpose, spatial multiscalar analysis gives an overview on the potential contradictions and loss of information between risk communication, spatial planning and urban projects. We demonstrate that regardless of demographic and economic trends, the city is spreading and taking over flooding areas. The principle of living with risk is a reality that the urban actors seem to accept. However, the integration of the risk in the urban policies is incomplete and heterogeneous. In this context, the paper will try to highlight these important discrepancies which appear in communication policies. If intermunicipal structures are developing new communication tools about flood risk, much remains to be done to alert the residents to this situation. In fact, flood risk seems to be ignored in urban construction at local scale. ; Cet article interroge les relations entre la gestion et la communication sur le risque inondation dans les politiques d'aménagement de trois agglomérations du bassin de la Loire : Saint-Étienne, Orléans et Nantes. Dans cette perspective, l'analyse multiscalaire réalisée génère de nombreux enseignements sur la manière de communiquer sur le risque, de le traduire en termes de planification et de le mettre en oeuvre au niveau des aménagements urbains : les résultats sont parfois contradictoires. Quelles que soient les dynamiques démographiques et économiques des trois villes, le principe de « vivre avec le risque » fait consensus. Toutefois, sa retranscription dans les politiques urbaines reste lacunaire. Si des efforts de communication sont présents à l'échelle d'une agglomération, ceux-ci se diluent mal au fur et à mesure que les échelles d'intervention se rapprochent de l'individu. Le risque d'inondation apparaît alors comme le principal oublié ...

International audience ; The paper draws the links between flood management and risk communication concerning planning policies and especially urban projects. We investigate three French sites along the Loire valley: Saint-Étienne, Orléans and Nantes. For this purpose, spatial multiscalar analysis gives an overview on the potential contradictions and loss of information between risk communication, spatial planning and urban projects. We demonstrate that regardless of demographic and economic trends, the city is spreading and taking over flooding areas. The principle of living with risk is a reality that the urban actors seem to accept. However, the integration of the risk in the urban policies is incomplete and heterogeneous. In this context, the paper will try to highlight these important discrepancies which appear in communication policies. If intermunicipal structures are developing new communication tools about flood risk, much remains to be done to alert the residents to this situation. In fact, flood risk seems to be ignored in urban construction at local scale. ; Cet article interroge les relations entre la gestion et la communication sur le risque inondation dans les politiques d'aménagement de trois agglomérations du bassin de la Loire : Saint-Étienne, Orléans et Nantes. Dans cette perspective, l'analyse multiscalaire réalisée génère de nombreux enseignements sur la manière de communiquer sur le risque, de le traduire en termes de planification et de le mettre en oeuvre au niveau des aménagements urbains : les résultats sont parfois contradictoires. Quelles que soient les dynamiques démographiques et économiques des trois villes, le principe de « vivre avec le risque » fait consensus. Toutefois, sa retranscription dans les politiques urbaines reste lacunaire. Si des efforts de communication sont présents à l'échelle d'une agglomération, ceux-ci se diluent mal au fur et à mesure que les échelles d'intervention se rapprochent de l'individu. Le risque d'inondation apparaît alors comme le principal oublié ...

Abstract. Along the French Mediterranean coastlines, most of the studies dealing with tsunamis have focused on hazards, evacuations, or effects of awareness actions, as opposed to hazard perception and knowledge of alert declared locally by the population. To bridge this gap, in this study, data collection yielded 750 responses coming from 150 people living and/or working in the tsunami evacuation zones of five municipalities (e.g., Bandol, Bastia, Cannes, Six-Fours-les-Plages, Sanary-sur-Mer). Early findings confirmed the tendency to underestimate tsunami hazard and a misunderstanding of the alert process. Interestingly, age or location of respondents explained differences between the five surveyed municipalities – more so than gender and residency status. Discrepancies are also observed when we compare the rate of correct answers for similar questions addressed in other areas in the NEAMTWS (North-eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System) region, thus confirming local effects. More surprisingly, the respondents who well perceive the tsunami hazard are not those who have a good knowledge of alerts, and the awareness actions do not really impact the tsunami knowledge we evaluated. Also, the results of this study could help local authorities to develop future tsunami awareness actions and to determine more suitable strategies to be applied in the short term at local scales.

International audience ; Individuals have an increasingly significant role to play within flood prevention and management, as financial, material and human resources allocated to local authorities are on the decline, while stakes are still increasing. Institutions responsible for enforcing regulatory injunctions are unable to keep track of requested documents (status and compliance), to evaluate their effectiveness (induced behaviors), their reception and/or their understanding by all inhabitants living in flooded areas. Consequently over the last few years a certain number of citizen-based initiatives have emerged in response to such deficiencies. Each of these initiatives share a common goal: to reposition individuals at the heart of their own safety and to adapt regulations to local circumstances, or even to go beyond the focal point of a technocratic vision in favor of a more integrated and shared vision of risk. The form and content constituting these approaches is very diverse (comics, models, plays, videos, etc.) but even if it is clear that these initiatives complement the existing measures in place, they still fail to take into consideration institutional actors. Furthermore, political resonance and the involvement of many external actors weigh heavily in this area, resulting in citizen-led initiatives being a rare occurrence. Having highlighted the extent to which individuals are overlooked as a social and political reality, this chapter will seek to demonstrate the effectiveness of several citizen-based initiatives, the way they respond to specific needs and offer refined courses of action that work towards ensuring sustainability.

International audience ; Individuals have an increasingly significant role to play within flood prevention and management, as financial, material and human resources allocated to local authorities are on the decline, while stakes are still increasing. Institutions responsible for enforcing regulatory injunctions are unable to keep track of requested documents (status and compliance), to evaluate their effectiveness (induced behaviors), their reception and/or their understanding by all inhabitants living in flooded areas. Consequently over the last few years a certain number of citizen-based initiatives have emerged in response to such deficiencies. Each of these initiatives share a common goal: to reposition individuals at the heart of their own safety and to adapt regulations to local circumstances, or even to go beyond the focal point of a technocratic vision in favor of a more integrated and shared vision of risk. The form and content constituting these approaches is very diverse (comics, models, plays, videos, etc.) but even if it is clear that these initiatives complement the existing measures in place, they still fail to take into consideration institutional actors. Furthermore, political resonance and the involvement of many external actors weigh heavily in this area, resulting in citizen-led initiatives being a rare occurrence. Having highlighted the extent to which individuals are overlooked as a social and political reality, this chapter will seek to demonstrate the effectiveness of several citizen-based initiatives, the way they respond to specific needs and offer refined courses of action that work towards ensuring sustainability.

International audience ; Individuals have an increasingly significant role to play within flood prevention and management, as financial, material and human resources allocated to local authorities are on the decline, while stakes are still increasing. Institutions responsible for enforcing regulatory injunctions are unable to keep track of requested documents (status and compliance), to evaluate their effectiveness (induced behaviors), their reception and/or their understanding by all inhabitants living in flooded areas. Consequently over the last few years a certain number of citizen-based initiatives have emerged in response to such deficiencies. Each of these initiatives share a common goal: to reposition individuals at the heart of their own safety and to adapt regulations to local circumstances, or even to go beyond the focal point of a technocratic vision in favor of a more integrated and shared vision of risk. The form and content constituting these approaches is very diverse (comics, models, plays, videos, etc.) but even if it is clear that these initiatives complement the existing measures in place, they still fail to take into consideration institutional actors. Furthermore, political resonance and the involvement of many external actors weigh heavily in this area, resulting in citizen-led initiatives being a rare occurrence. Having highlighted the extent to which individuals are overlooked as a social and political reality, this chapter will seek to demonstrate the effectiveness of several citizen-based initiatives, the way they respond to specific needs and offer refined courses of action that work towards ensuring sustainability.