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The general topic of this work is the stabilizing influence of appropriate fiscal policies on the economy's dynamics. In this thesis, stabilization policies are understood as a means to lower or rule out the likelihood of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. The first chapter examines, in a real economy, the stabilizing properties of linearly progressive income taxes, resembling the tax codes with brackets that prevail in many developed countries. The second chapter highlights the fact that the stabilizing (counter-cyclical) influence of income tax progressivity is weakened with the introduction of a realistic fiscal scheme allowing firms to deduct maintenance and repair expenditures when calculating pre-tax profits. The third chapter studies the impact of income taxation in a monetary economy with heterogeneous agents. The analysis confirms the idea that fiscal progressivity lowers the probability of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. However, in such a monetary frame, in contrast with the real economies pictured in the first two chapters, it is shown that even high levels of tax progressivity can not completely rule out the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. Eventually, the last chapter investigates how fiscal policy can affect aggregate volatility and growth in credit constrained economies. In an endogenous growth model combining capital market frictions with unequal access to investment opportunities across individuals, it is shown that an appropriate fiscal policy, even linear, consisting of taxing labor income and organizing transfers towards innovating investment, is able to remedy the shortage of funding for these investments during slumps, stabilize the economy's dynamics and place it on a sustained permanent growth path. ; Cette thèse a pour thème central l'influence stabilisatrice de politiques de taxation appropriées sur la dynamique économique. La stabilisation est ici entendue comme la possibilité d'atténuer voire d'éliminer, par de telles politiques, la probabilité d'apparition de ...

The general topic of this work is the stabilizing influence of appropriate fiscal policies on the economy's dynamics. In this thesis, stabilization policies are understood as a means to lower or rule out the likelihood of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. The first chapter examines, in a real economy, the stabilizing properties of linearly progressive income taxes, resembling the tax codes with brackets that prevail in many developed countries. The second chapter highlights the fact that the stabilizing (counter-cyclical) influence of income tax progressivity is weakened with the introduction of a realistic fiscal scheme allowing firms to deduct maintenance and repair expenditures when calculating pre-tax profits. The third chapter studies the impact of income taxation in a monetary economy with heterogeneous agents. The analysis confirms the idea that fiscal progressivity lowers the probability of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. However, in such a monetary frame, in contrast with the real economies pictured in the first two chapters, it is shown that even high levels of tax progressivity can not completely rule out the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. Eventually, the last chapter investigates how fiscal policy can affect aggregate volatility and growth in credit constrained economies. In an endogenous growth model combining capital market frictions with unequal access to investment opportunities across individuals, it is shown that an appropriate fiscal policy, even linear, consisting of taxing labor income and organizing transfers towards innovating investment, is able to remedy the shortage of funding for these investments during slumps, stabilize the economy's dynamics and place it on a sustained permanent growth path. ; Cette thèse a pour thème central l'influence stabilisatrice de politiques de taxation appropriées sur la dynamique économique. La stabilisation est ici entendue comme la possibilité d'atténuer voire d'éliminer, par de telles politiques, la probabilité d'apparition de ...

The general topic of this work is the stabilizing influence of appropriate fiscal policies on the economy's dynamics. In this thesis, stabilization policies are understood as a means to lower or rule out the likelihood of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. The first chapter examines, in a real economy, the stabilizing properties of linearly progressive income taxes, resembling the tax codes with brackets that prevail in many developed countries. The second chapter highlights the fact that the stabilizing (counter-cyclical) influence of income tax progressivity is weakened with the introduction of a realistic fiscal scheme allowing firms to deduct maintenance and repair expenditures when calculating pre-tax profits. The third chapter studies the impact of income taxation in a monetary economy with heterogeneous agents. The analysis confirms the idea that fiscal progressivity lowers the probability of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. However, in such a monetary frame, in contrast with the real economies pictured in the first two chapters, it is shown that even high levels of tax progressivity can not completely rule out the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. Eventually, the last chapter investigates how fiscal policy can affect aggregate volatility and growth in credit constrained economies. In an endogenous growth model combining capital market frictions with unequal access to investment opportunities across individuals, it is shown that an appropriate fiscal policy, even linear, consisting of taxing labor income and organizing transfers towards innovating investment, is able to remedy the shortage of funding for these investments during slumps, stabilize the economy's dynamics and place it on a sustained permanent growth path. ; Cette thèse a pour thème central l'influence stabilisatrice de politiques de taxation appropriées sur la dynamique économique. La stabilisation est ici entendue comme la possibilité d'atténuer voire d'éliminer, par de telles politiques, la probabilité d'apparition de ...

The general topic of this work is the stabilizing influence of appropriate fiscal policies on the economy's dynamics. In this thesis, stabilization policies are understood as a means to lower or rule out the likelihood of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. The first chapter examines, in a real economy, the stabilizing properties of linearly progressive income taxes, resembling the tax codes with brackets that prevail in many developed countries. The second chapter highlights the fact that the stabilizing (counter-cyclical) influence of income tax progressivity is weakened with the introduction of a realistic fiscal scheme allowing firms to deduct maintenance and repair expenditures when calculating pre-tax profits. The third chapter studies the impact of income taxation in a monetary economy with heterogeneous agents. The analysis confirms the idea that fiscal progressivity lowers the probability of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. However, in such a monetary frame, in contrast with the real economies pictured in the first two chapters, it is shown that even high levels of tax progressivity can not completely rule out the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. Eventually, the last chapter investigates how fiscal policy can affect aggregate volatility and growth in credit constrained economies. In an endogenous growth model combining capital market frictions with unequal access to investment opportunities across individuals, it is shown that an appropriate fiscal policy, even linear, consisting of taxing labor income and organizing transfers towards innovating investment, is able to remedy the shortage of funding for these investments during slumps, stabilize the economy's dynamics and place it on a sustained permanent growth path. ; Cette thèse a pour thème central l'influence stabilisatrice de politiques de taxation appropriées sur la dynamique économique. La stabilisation est ici entendue comme la possibilité d'atténuer voire d'éliminer, par de telles politiques, la probabilité d'apparition de ...

Fathers caught between work and family. Some survey findings.
In all countries, time use is differentiated between the sexes. While the disparity in the time men and women spend on domestic activities has narrowed, this trend owes little to increased input from men. This is especially true for household tasks and for time spent with the children. The arrival of a child affects fathers in their working lives much less than mothers. However, a proportion of fathers, notably those with the highest educational level, are observed to be adopting discourses and behaviour similar to those of the mothers-reporting notably that they reduced their working time when a child arrived-and also complaining about a lack of time to spend with their children and about the conflict of responsibilities. Do men''s professional commitments, in particular, « force » them to look after the children less than the mothers do, and would they increase their involvement if they had more time ? Experience in France of the statutory reduction in working hours supplies some answers to this question. One of the main findings is that when fathers have experienced a reduction in their working time, they look after their children more, especially when their partners work full-time and have had no reduction in their own working time.

This note investigates the effects of the education level, product market rigidities and employment protection legislation on growth. It exploits macro-panel data for OECD countries. For countries close to the technological frontier, education and rigidities are significantly related to TFP growth. The contribution of the interaction between product market regulation and labour market rigidity seems particularly substantial. -- Productivity ; growth ; regulations ; market rigidities ; education

This note investigates the effects of the education level, product market rigidities and employment protection legislation on growth. It exploits macro-panel data for OECD countries. For countries close to the technological frontier, education and rigidities are significantly related to TFP growth. The contribution of the interaction between product market regulation and labour market rigidity seems particularly substantial.