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The specifics of the implementation of special knowledge have been analyzed, in particular regarding the appointment of forensic examinations while the investigation of crimes committed against journalists. Taking into account the analysis of scientific literature, as well as existing practice regarding the investigation of criminal proceedings of this category, the author has presented a characteristic of typical types of forensic examinations. In particular, special attention has been paid to such types as merchandising, forensic and medical, computer and technological, phonoscopic, molecular and genetic, integrated forensic examinations, human odor traces, fingerprints, etc. It has been emphasized that the number and types of forensic examinations are assigned depending on the established circumstances. The purpose of the paper is to identify forensic examinations that are assigned to investigate crimes committed against journalists. To achieve this objective, the author has used general scientific and special methods of cognition. Thus, using the method of legal analysis, the author has determined that the appointment and conduction of forensic examinations in criminal proceedings, investigated on the fact of committing a crime against a journalist, has an important role in establishing the circumstances to be proved (the type and size of the caused damage; the severity and nature of the bodily harm, etc.). The comparative and legal method has been used in the course of studying the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and analyzing the criminal and procedural legislation of other countries. The statistical method is the basis for processing statistical data, materials of investigative and court practice. Therefore, attention has been paid to the fact that whole assigning a particular type of forensic examination, an investigator has to correctly determine the range of tasks that are put to an expert. An investigator must also use the methodological recommendations that have been developed by practice and set out in the Scientific and Methodological Recommendations on the Preparation and Appointment of Forensic Examinations and Expert Studies.

The purpose of the article was to consider the main development trends in certain elements of the criminal justice system, which were integrated due to Russia's large-scale attack on the sovereign territories of Ukraine. The subject of the article is the institution of the reform of the Ukrainian criminal justice system. The legal bases ensuring the functioning of criminal justice institutions (in particular, the investigative bodies) are examined and the corresponding conceptual and categorical apparatus is analyzed. A review of selected elements of the criminal justice system during the war is conducted. The influence and significance of Ukraine's acquisition of EU candidate membership status on the functioning of certain elements of the criminal justice system is clarified. Finally, the content and essence of the main requirements of the EU to Ukraine, which can be the basis for conducting negotiations on the issue of Ukraine's final accession to the organization, are characterized. In the conclusions, directions and methods of reforming certain elements of the criminal justice system in the conditions of large-scale invasion are described.

The aim of the article is to analyze theoretical and methodological provisions related to the definition of directions and principles of implementation of a systematic approach to the use of optical research methods, in particular micro-objects. Subject of research is substantiation and formulation of the classification characteristics of such systematic approach, considering the requirements of forensic techniques. Methodology: The study applies such methods of scientific knowledge as dialectical method, system and structural method, logic and legal method, methods of systematic analysis, logical method. Research results: The article studies the problematic issues of a systematic approach to the choice of scientific and technical methods and means for micro-object examination. Practical consequences: The authors argue that optical methods of the micro-object examination require classifying and systematizing to provide a holistic view of their potentials, as well as the nature of the information that can be obtained about the object being examined. Value / originality: The analysis of clarified classification characteristics and requirements for examination methods in forensic science enables to propose the algorithm of the systemic approach to the creation of the open system classification of methods of micro-object examination and to make justified conclusions.