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Prevalence of tobacco use and environmental tobacco smoke in polish population research. WHO-CINDI Programme in 1991–2007This article is a report from comparison surveys, carried out in connection with WHO-CINDI Programme during the years 1991–2007. The analysis was based on random sampling tests concerning big Polish cities' inhabitants, all in all almost 11.5 thousand respondents. Taking everything into consideration, it has been established, that:1. Regular smoking frequency becomes smaller (the effect of implemented prophylactic programmes, a so-called 'intervention variable').2. Still, propagation of environmental smoking is an alarming phenomenon, however it is definitely improving. Despite the fact, that more and more respondents are living in a free-smoking zone, each 5-6 adult city inhabitant spends over 5 hours a day in a room full of smoke.3. Within time passing, as a result of quitting an addiction, a belief concerning harmful smoking consequences grows. This tendency is not yet sufficiently justified. Becoming alarmed with the concerning phenomenon is definitely not enough when making an opinion in this matter.

Celem artykułu jest analiza umieralności z powodu chorób nowotworowych mężczyzn i kobiet w wieku 65+ w województwie łódzkim w latach 1999-2014, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zjawiska nadumieralności mężczyzn. Analizą objęto informacje o 501 124 zgonach odnotowanych w województwie łódzkim w latach 1999-2014. Obliczono rzeczywiste i standaryzowane współczynniki umieralności szczegółowej według przyczyn zgonów na podstawie ICD–10 oraz wskaźniki nadumieralności. Analizę trendów czasowych przeprowadzono za pomocą modeli joinpoint. W badanym okresie zaobserwowano nieznaczne obniżenie standaryzowanych współczynników umieralności (na 10 000 ludności) z powodu nowotworów złośliwych wśród osób w wieku 65+: w grupie mężczyzn z 171,7 do 166,8, a w grupie kobiet z 83,9 do 81,7. Wskaźnik nadumieralności na początku i na końcu ba danego okresu wynosił 2,0. W klasie C00‑C97 najważniejszymi przyczynami zgonów wśród mężczyzn w wieku 65+ w 2014 roku były nowotwory złośliwe (wskaźnik na 10 000 ludności): tchawicy, oskrzela i płuca (46,0); jelita grubego, odbytnicy i odbytu (19,0); gruczołu krokowego (18,4). Natomiast wśród kobiet powyżej 65 roku życia były to nowotwory: tchawicy, oskrzela i płuca (12,6); jelita grubego, odbytnicy i odbytu (11,3); piersi (8,8). Zjawisko nadumieralności mężczyzn w wieku 65 lat i więcej z powodu chorób nowotworowych w województwie łódzkim w 2014 roku było determinowane w największym stopniu nowotworami złośliwymi: pęcherza moczowego, tchawicy, oskrzela i płuca oraz żołądka.

BACKGROUND: Adequate nutrition is a public health challenge due to the increase in the incidence of diet-related diseases. The aim of this study was to examine food and nutrient intakes in the light of the current dietary guidelines of Poland and Norway. This is a suitable model for studying the diet quality in countries with different degrees of government intervention in the food market, which may affect food diversity available for citizens. METHODS: The food diversity on the market was assessed using national food balance sheets. To show the actual food and nutrient intake within countries, data from 24-h recalls from the national surveys, NORKOST 3 from Norwegians and WOBASZ II from Poles, were used. In order to evaluate whether dietary patterns comply with nutritional and dietary recommendations, the Norwegian and Polish recommendations for nutrition and the national food based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant differences between the national supplies for most food products were found. Only subtle differences in the national FBDGs and nutritional recommendations were found. Low compliance with the national FBDGs for milk, fish and sugar consumption in Poland was observed. The intakes of most nutrients were in line with the countries' nutrition recommendations. The intakes of folate and vitamin D by both genders and the intake of iron among women, were inadequate in both countries. Calcium and magnesium intakes were below the recommended intake among the adult population of Poland, additionally, insufficient intake of potassium and thiamine was found among Polish women. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limited availability of certain food products on the market, the diet of Norwegians was better balanced in terms of food consumed and micronutrient intakes. The good supply of various groups of food has not, however, reduced the problem of widespread deficiency of vitamin D and folic acid in the diet, and action should be taken at national level to eliminate their inadequacy. In view of ...

Objectives To examine how much of the observed rapid decrease in mortality from coronary heart disease in Poland after the political, social, and economic transformation in the early 1990s could be explained by the use of medical and surgical treatments and how much by changes in cardiovascular risk factors.