Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article examines the entanglement of administration, education, and law in North India under early British rule. While there exists extensive discussion on each of these three themes, historians have not paid enough attention to the processes in which, by the mid-nineteenth century, the official minds of the East India Company gradually came to imagine its revenue administration in North India at the institutional intersection of state bureaucracy, village schools, and the law courts. I will argue in this article that through this intersection of knowledge/law-making, the Company wished to foster an 'enlightened' but simultaneously obedient subjecthood among the Indian rural population. The contested relationship between the state, the local Indian officials, and the villagers in general, however, thwarted this patronizing ambition.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between market competition and distribution strategy for logistics service providers (LSPs), including freight price, service level (delivery speed), and service coverage.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors consider two risk-neutral LSPs in which one is an existing company and the other is a new entrant. The existing LSP has a sound distribution network and provides service in both local and remote areas. The new entrant LSP should determine the freight price and service coverage to compete for business. The authors use a Stackelberg game to model the competition between two LSPs with assumptions of consumers' utility and demand distribution. Numerical examples are used to validate the findings.


Findings
The findings show that the distribution strategy for LSPs depends on the ratio of the cost difference and shipping speed difference and demand structure. The LSP with higher shipping speeds only need to meet demands in local areas and may stay out of the market in some cases. To compete for business in the whole areas is more profitable for the LSP with lower shipping speeds when either unit service cost or the potential demand in remote areas is low enough. Otherwise, the LSP with lower speeds should stay out the market of remote areas.


Originality/value
This study is a preliminary research on the relationship between market competition and distribution strategy for LSPs and contributes to service operations management literature and strategic management for LSPs.

11th International Conference of The International Institute for Infrastructure Resilience and Reconstruction (I3R2) : Complex Disasters and Disaster Risk Management held on August 27 – 29 2015, at University of Seoul, Korea. ; Most valuable historical villages in Southwest China are located within remote mountainous areas, not only facing a high risk of unexpected natural disasters, but also threatened by isolation, fire, and blocked situations that may occur during emergencies, due to vulnerable spatial connections, high density wooden buildings, compact village structure, and so on. Since public emergency services cannot cover all affected areas immediately after disaster, disaster coping capability of a village community is noticeably important. This study focused on the disaster coping capability of a historical village within a mountainous area. Based on previous studies, this paper listed the necessary components of disaster coping capability, while considering the social and organizational features of a community in China. Accordingly, this paper investigated the case of the historical village Shangli regarding three topics: disaster awareness, potential capability, and practical capability. The conclusions are as follows. First, local inhabitants had insufficient cognition of risk and emergency response, while a deficiency in the potential of public cooperation was also observed. Second, under the conventional top-down administration method, local inhabitants were prone to rely on the government, leaving an obvious gap between their high perception of the community and the actual inactive situation that shows that, although there was great potential, the community had not yet been motivated to become cohesive. Third, practical disaster countermeasures were still at the primary stages without a systematic plan for disaster risk reduction. However, they had started with rough arrangement concerning basic emergency issues.

AbstractAqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising for future large-scale energy storage systems, however, suffer from inferior cycling life due to the dendrites growth and side reaction on Zn metal anode. Herein, a fast ion conductor Na5YSi4O12 (NYSO) was synthesized and fabricated as a protection layer of the Zn metal anode. By adjusting the thickness, an optimized NYSO coating of 20.3 µm was obtained and the corresponding symmetry cell demonstrates an extended life span of 1896 h at the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. In addition, a favorable rate performance of the NYSO@Zn anode at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 was achieved. Benefiting from the NYSO coating, uniform diffusion and deposition of Zn2+ on the Zn anode could be realized, leading to the elimination of Zn dendrites and side reactions. Therefore, the aqueous NYSO@Zn|CNT@MnO2 full cell shows superior capacity and cycling stability to that of the bare Zn full cell.