Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. What Constitutions Represent -- Constitutional Contracts -- Social Contracts -- Benchmarks -- The South African Constitution -- Endnotes -- 2. Negotiating Amidst Uncertainty -- Introduction: Misinformation, Disinformationand Dealmaking -- Towards Clarity: 1948-1961 -- Secrecy - Hidden Information - Exile 1961-1990 -- Creating New Information - Secret Talks about Talkswith Nelson Mandela, 1985-1990 -- Ambiguity - Negotiations 1990-1996 -- 1991 CODESA -- 1992 Record of Understanding -- 1993: The Multi-Party Negotiating Process (MPNP) -- The 1993 Constitution -- The 1994 election -- The 1996 Constitution -- Discord -- Contingency - The ANC in Power -- Endnotes -- 3. The Rule of Law and Democracy -- Democracy in South Africa -- The Rule of Law -- Contending Interpretations of the Rule of Law in South Africa -- The ANC's Conceptions of Democracy and the Rule of Law -- Endnotes -- 4. The Guardians of Democracy: The Judiciary -- The Judiciary and the Rule of Law in South Africa -- The African National Congress And The Rule Of Law -- The Way Forward -- Endnotes -- 5. The Constitution and the Peace Dividend -- Introduction: The Peace Dividend -- The Problem of Incommensurables -- Rising Expectations -- The Dead-end Street -- Crisis -- "We Don't Want to be Left Behind" -- Endnotes -- 6. The Case for Renegotiating the Peace -- Introduction: The Scope of Renegotiation -- The Conditions for Renegotiation -- The Comparative Framework -- Malaysia, Lebanon and India -- Zimbabwe -- What Makes for a More Durable Constitution? -- Precipitants for Renegotiation -- Endnotes -- About the Authors -- Index.

In this article, the criteria for creating & maintaining durable peace settlements in divided societies are examined. Drawing upon social identity theory, it is argued that two core influential factors play important roles: relative group status; & parity of esteem. When adversaries emerge from conflict to a negotiated peace, each group is able to award itself a high sense of self-esteem. It is argued that such a sense is more important to the group than socioeconomic status. However, the self-esteem has to be maintained after each group enters into unfamiliar, democratic, competitive arenas. A case study of a court case in South Africa where a judge ruled against the state on the application of affirmative action legislation is provided to illustrate the theory. It is concluded that the objective for any peace plan should be to devise rules for competitive processes to proceed without becoming a new source of status hierarchies. 28 References. R. Prince

Ziel der Untersuchung ist die Herausarbeitung eines Forschungskonzepts zur Analyse der Machtverhältnisse im angelaufenen politischen Verhandlungsprozeß in der RSA. Der Verhandlungsprozeß wird als ein fortlaufender Machtkampf gesehen, bei dem zwischen potentieller Macht, taktischem Vorgehen und Verhandlungslösungen zu unterscheiden ist. Das entwickelte Analysekonzept erlaubt die Zuordnung/Auswirkung bestimmter Taktiken auf das spätere Verhandlungsergebnis sowie auf die zukünftigen Machtverhältnisse und ist auf die Apartheid-Ära ebenso anzuwenden wie auf das post-Apartheid Südafrika. (DÜI-Hlb)

The aim of this paper is to examine the claim that "most people in almost every country worldwide prefer democracy over other types of regimes" against new data, so as to add to the global map of popular perceptions about their support for various regime types. We describe measured changes in levels of public support in 49 countries over four waves of the World Values Survey on three levels: country specific, regional–continental, and global. We found that levels of support for democracy are high and stable across most parts of the world; however, support for various alternate (authoritarian) regime types is steadily increasing and could threaten the extent to which democratic values are entrenched, especially in younger democracies. We conclude with an overview of some of the factors that could plausibly shape such perceptions at the level of the general citizenry.