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Climate change is a 'wicked' problem-it is riven with scientific uncertainty, contending interests, and competing interpretations. For India, the challenges of addressing climate change are compounded by a sense of injustice - we did not cause the problem - and immediate challenges of poverty and development. Yet, it is increasingly becoming clear that globally, climate change poses an existential challenge, and, in India, a pathway to development innocent of climate change is no longer possible. 0How is India facing up to the climate challenge? This volume brings together leading researchers and practitioners - negotiators, activists and policymakers-to lay out the emergent debate on climate change in India. The book covers climate impacts, negotiations, politics, policy, and the integration of climate concerns into sectoral debates, such as on energy and water. Each chapter provides an accessible entry point and a framework for understanding an aspect of India's engagement with climate change. A central theme of the book is that India has shifted from understanding the climate change problem as a diplomatic challenge to increasingly engaging with it as a developmental problem. To address this challenge requires integrating climate change and development, and doing so at multiple scales of governance - national, state, and local.

Riven with scientific uncertainty, contending interests, and competing interpretations, climate change today poses an existential challenge. For India, such a challenge is compounded by the immediate concerns of eradicating poverty and accelerating development. Moreover, India has played a relatively limited role thus far in causing the problem. Despite these complicating factors, India has to engage this challenge because a pathway to development innocent of climate change is no longer possible. To do so requires stimulating conversation on climate change as part of India's larger development discourse. This volume brings together leading researchers and practitioners—negotiators, activists, and policymakers—to lay out the emergent debate on climate change in India. Through these chapters, the contributors hope to deepen clarity both on why India should engage with climate change and how it can best do so, even while appreciating and representing the challenges inherent in doing so.

The 1990s and 2000s have witnessed a spurt of energetic institution-building in the developing world, as regulatory agencies emerge to take over the role of the executive in key sectors. This rise of the regulatory state of the south is barely noticed both by scholars of regulation and of development, let alone adequately documented and theorized. Yet the consequences for the role of the state and modalities of governance in the south are substantial, as politically chargeddecisions are handed over to formally technocratic agencies, creating new arenas and forms of contestation over the gains

Sustainable development has always been a compromise formulation that papered over real conflict between environment and development. Twenty years after Rio, the geopolitical climate is far less conducive to easy compromises. Given an embattled North and a rising South, particularly Asia, the language of zero sum conflict rather than positive sum cooperation is likely to prevail. Green growth offers one way to paper over these conflicts yet again, but it would be prudent to resist this temptation. There is incomplete buy-in to the green growth story, and some in the South are also concerned that this narrative will downgrade poverty alleviation and equity considerations from the sustainable development triad of environment, growth and distribution. In this context, Rio+20 can play a positive role by focusing on national and sub-national institutions and embracing a diversity of national political, institutional and legal contexts; seeking to impose uniformity is likely to chafe. Global efforts can play a supporting role by inducing normative change, stimulate national processes, and provide hooks for domestic policy actors. In addition, Rio+20 should ensure that inclusion of the weakest should remain firmly on the agenda. While the conversations may be difficult, Rio+20 will be most productive if it leads to engagement with fraught geopolitical issues than if, once again, these are papered over.