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In 1999 we began research, funded by the 'Thomas Pocklington Trust', to explore the opinions of visually impaired people on visual impairment research. We found people wanted greater inclusion of visually impaired people in such research and participatory, empowering and emancipatory research was a priority for them. We also found, through reviewing the academic literature, that there was a dearth of such work in the field. In this article we revisit the topic to review research that has or has not been conducted since our first study to see if there has been a change in the use of emancipatory methods in the field. We have contextualized our review in a discussion on the field of disability studies and the international social policy context of disability issues. We found a growth of interest and activity in participatory, emancipatory and empowering research in the field of disability research more generally. There was also some indication that the social model of disability has had an impact on national and international social policy. However, our review found that there continues to be a dearth of emancipatory research in relation to visual impairment. The one study we did locate highlighted how participatory methods are not, in our view, necessarily consistent with the epistemological underpinnings of emancipatory methods. We believe the call from within disability studies for the greater use of emancipatory research methods has not been sufficiently realized in the field of visual impairment and more needs to be done to ground politically informed epistemological understandings in visual impairment research if more progress is to be made.

This accessible textbook provides an overview of theoretical and practical issues around psychological work in a range of community settings. This is the ideal resource for students of different community based professions, working in a range of applied settings, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer the question "what is good research?" from the perspective of critical researchers working in the discipline of psychology.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first look at what it means to be "good", then what it means to be critical and then interlink these two as a means of providing a context to understand why there appears to be so little critical research around. Findings– The authors have put together a narrative that they hope is readable but that still pulls on the different ways each of them have approached the topic of defining good research and thinking about critical research.Originality/valueThe authors have personally witnessed the disappearance‐ing of critical activists, anti‐psychiatry activists, disability rights activists, trades unionists, critical scholars; and put forward a reason (among others) as to why there is so little good critical research, which is that the status quo is implacably ferocious in its efforts to close it down wherever it occurs. Indeed, if the status quo is not doing its damnedest to close down the research you are doing, you can be reasonably sure it is not good critical research.

An article published in : The Australian Community Psychologist, vol. 24, no. 2, November 2012, pp. 135-142 ; At first sight there appear to be, internationally, many diverse, radical, manifestations of community psychology. However, community psychology has gradually become decreasingly diverse and decreasingly radical the more it has become academically and professionally established and evangelised and it is now endangered as a critical alternative to the disciplinary ideologies, theories, procedures and practices of mainstream psychology. As a consequence, the interests of people whose lives are most characterised by immiseration, suffering, social injustice and oppression are increasingly blighted and increasingly threatened. However, these reactionary developments were and are not inevitable and can be reversed by those collectively committed to community critical psychologyIn this paper, despite many differences in our constituting contexts, approaches and work, we come together in solidarity as community critical psychologists to emphasise our common commitment to the development and enactment of community critical psychologies, and our common opposition to the dominant community (acritical) psychologies. The ordering of terms is significant here. We are committed to the wider spectrum of critical psychologies which expose and contest community injustice and misery rather than to the subset of community psychologies which are critical in standpoint. We are critical in relation to oppressive and unjust societal arrangements but also critical in relation to community psychologies, and other manifestations of 'psy', which collude with or actually construct and maintain oppression and injustice. Although the concept of community is central to community critical psychology, it is remarkable how seldom and howsuperficially the notion of community has been subjected to critical – that is, historical, political and ideological – critique by community psychologists who use the term (Fryer & Laing, 2008; Kagan, Burton, Duckett, Lawthom, & Siddiquee, 2011). In dominant discourses, community is usually positioned either as a 'safe', 'warm', and 'friendly' 'place' or as one which is marginal, amoral, anomic, foreboding, forbidding and frightening. Because the uncritical construction of community can lead to a justification for processes of 'othering', exclusion and apartheid-construction through boundary drawinge

Vertebrates have greatly elaborated the basic chordate body plan and evolved highly distinctive genomes that have been sculpted by two whole-genome duplications. Here we sequence the genome of the Mediterranean amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) and characterize DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications and transcriptomes across multiple developmental stages and adult tissues to investigate the evolution of the regulation of the chordate genome. Comparisons with vertebrates identify an intermediate stage in the evolution of differentially methylated enhancers, and a high conservation of gene expression and its cis-regulatory logic between amphioxus and vertebrates that occurs maximally at an earlier mid-embryonic phylotypic period. We analyse regulatory evolution after whole-genome duplications, and find that—in vertebrates—over 80% of broadly expressed gene families with multiple paralogues derived from whole-genome duplications have members that restricted their ancestral expression, and underwent specialization rather than subfunctionalization. Counter-intuitively, paralogues that restricted their expression increased the complexity of their regulatory landscapes. These data pave the way for a better understanding of the regulatory principles that underlie key vertebrate innovations. ; This research was funded primarily by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 and Seventh Framework Program FP7 research and innovation programs (ERC-AdG-LS8-740041 to J.L.G.-S., ERC-StG-LS2-637591 to M.I., a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant (658521) to I.M. and a FP7/2007-2013-ERC-268513 to P.W.H.H.), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BFU2016-74961-P to J.L.G.-S., RYC-2016-20089 to I.M., BFU2014-55076-P and BFU2017-89201-P to M.I. and BFU2014-55738-REDT to J.L.G.-S, M.I. and J.R.M.-M), the 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017'(SEV-2012-0208), the 'Unidad de Excelencia María de Maetzu 2017-2021'(MDM-2016-0687), the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Program FP7 under REA grant agreement number 607142 (DevCom) to J.L.G.-S., and the CNRS and the ANR (ANR16-CE12-0008-01) to H.E. O.B. was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA; DE140101962).

This research was funded primarily by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 and Seventh Framework Program FP7 research and innovation programs (ERC-AdG-LS8-740041 to J.L.G.-S., ERC-StG-LS2-637591 to M.I., a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant (658521) to I.M. and a FP7/2007-2013-ERC-268513 to P.W.H.H.), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BFU2016-74961-P to J.L.G.-S., RYC-2016-20089 to I.M., BFU2014-55076-P and BFU2017-89201-P to M.I. and BFU2014-55738-REDT to J.L.G.-S, M.I. and J.R.M.-M), the 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017'(SEV-2012-0208), the 'Unidad de Excelencia María de Maetzu 2017-2021'(MDM-2016-0687), the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Program FP7 under REA grant agreement number 607142 (DevCom) to J.L.G.-S., and the CNRS and the ANR (ANR16-CE12-0008-01) to H.E. O.B. was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA; DE140101962). We acknowledge the support of the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MEIC) to the EMBL partnership. Additional sources of funding for all authors are listed in Supplementary Information. ; Vertebrates have greatly elaborated the basic chordate body plan and evolved highly distinctive genomes that have been sculpted by two whole-genome duplications. Here we sequence the genome of the Mediterranean amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) and characterize DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications and transcriptomes across multiple developmental stages and adult tissues to investigate the evolution of the regulation of the chordate genome. Comparisons with vertebrates identify an intermediate stage in the evolution of differentially methylated enhancers, and a high conservation of gene expression and its cis-regulatory logic between amphioxus and vertebrates that occurs maximally at an earlier mid-embryonic phylotypic period. We analyse regulatory evolution after whole-genome duplications, and find that—in vertebrates—over 80% of broadly expressed gene families with multiple paralogues derived from whole-genome duplications have members that restricted their ancestral expression, and underwent specialization rather than subfunctionalization. Counter-intuitively, paralogues that restricted their expression increased the complexity of their regulatory landscapes. These data pave the way for a better understanding of the regulatory principles that underlie key vertebrate innovations. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed