Suchergebnisse

Eine Mischung aus Ausdauer und Leidenschaft, nicht IQ, Startbedingungen oder Talent entscheidet über den Erfolg eines Menschen. Diese These hat die Neurowissenschaftlerin und Psychologin Angela Duckworth in dem Wort GRIT zusammengefasst, das im Englischen so viel wie Biss oder Mumm heisst, und hat damit weltweit Aufsehen erregt. Auf Basis ihrer eigenen Geschichte, von wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen und anhand ungewöhnlicher Leistungsbiografien ist sie dem Geheimnis von erfolgreichen Menschen auf den Grund gegangen, seien sie Sportler, Bankmanager oder Comiczeichner. Sie weist nach, dass nicht "Genie", sondern eine einzigartige Kombination aus Begeisterungsfähigkeit und langfristigem Durchhaltevermögen darüber entscheidet, ob man seine Ziele erreicht. Mit zahlreichen Beispielen, die jeder auf seine Situation anwenden kann, erläutert Angela Duckworth das Konzept der motivierten Beharrlichkeit. Und sie fordert dazu auf, im Wissen um GRIT Lernen und Bildung neu zu denken

AbstractImpulsivity is a salient individual difference in children with well‐established predictive validity for life outcomes. The current investigation proposes that impulsive behaviors vary systematically by domain. In a series of studies with ethnically and socioeconomically diverse samples of middle school students, we find that schoolwork‐related and interpersonal‐related impulsivity, as observed by teachers, parents, and the students themselves, are distinct, moderately correlated behavioral tendencies. Each demonstrates differentiated relationships with dimensions of childhood temperament, Big Five personality factors, and outcomes, such as report card grades. Implications for theoretical conceptions of impulsivity as well as for practical applications (e.g. domain‐specific interventions) are discussed.

Abstract
How can behavioral insights best be leveraged to solve pressing policy challenges? Because research studies are typically designed to test the validity of a particular idea, surprisingly little is known about the relative efficacy of different approaches to changing behavior in any given policy context. We discuss megastudies as a research approach that can surmount this and other obstacles to developing optimal behaviorally informed policy interventions. We define a megastudy as "a massive field experiment in which many different treatments are tested synchronously in one large sample using a common, objectively measured outcome." We summarize this apples-to-apples approach to research and lay out recommendations, limitations, and promising future directions for scholars who might want to conduct or evaluate megastudies.

This paper explores the interface between personality psychology and economics. We examine the predictive power of personality and the stability of personality traits over the life cycle. We develop simple analytical frameworks for interpreting the evidence in personality psychology and suggest promising avenues for future research. -- Personality traits ; lifecycle effects

Remaining committed to goals is necessary (albeit not sufficient) to attaining them, but very little is known about domain-general individual differences that contribute to sustained goal commitment. The current investigation examines the association between grit, defined as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, other individual difference variables, and retention in four different contexts: the military, workplace sales, high school, and marriage. Grit predicted retention over and beyond established context-specific predictors of retention (e.g., intelligence, physical aptitude, Big Five personality traits, job tenure) and demographic variables in each setting. Grittier soldiers were more likely to complete an Army Special Operations Forces (ARSOF) selection course, grittier sales employees were more likely to keep their jobs, grittier students were more likely to graduate from high school, and grittier men were more likely to stay married. The relative predictive validity of grit compared to other traditional predictors of retention is examined in each of the four studies. These findings suggest that in addition to domain-specific influences, there may be domain-general individual differences which influence commitment to diverse life goals over time.

This study answered novel questions about the connection between high school extracurricular dosage (number of activities and participation duration) and the attainment of a bachelor's degree. Using data from the Common Application and the National Student Clearinghouse (N = 311,308), we found that greater extracurricular participation positively predicted bachelor's degree attainment. However, among students who ultimately earned a bachelor's degree, participating in more than a moderate number of high school activities (3 or 4) predicted decreasing odds of earning a bachelor's degree on time (within 4 years). This effect intensified as participation duration increased, such that students who participated in the greatest number of high school activities for the most years were the most likely to delay college graduation.