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In recent years, the phenomenon whereby key individuals introduce effective ideas into policy processes has been identified as a vital agent in the redefinition of policy issues. In turn, this raises the basic question of how these individuals themselves undergo processes of learning and change. The article examines three models of policy learning in order to analyse what they may tell us about the dynamics of individual learning: the advocacy coalition framework; the process of learning by means of 'development'; and issue redefinition through processes of punctuated equilibria.The models are examined in the context of the learning dynamics of three key individuals within the salient anti‐bypass group the 'Third Battle of Newbury'. The article's conclusion identifies three apparent paradoxes in individual learning dynamics and attempts to answer these with particular reference to the concepts of frame reflection and regulation by means of norm setting.

The evolutionary model provides important insights into the causal mechanisms of policy change. This works particularly through the notion that the introduction and success or failure of new ideas is a key element in instigating these policy change processes. The survival of an idea is also dependent on key temporal and spatial factors. An idea therefore urgently requires a method of propagation in order to reproduce itself. One means of this idea transmission is through the 'enlightenment function', whereby an effective policy network may gradually alter the assumptions and idea 'images' of policy makers over time. For example, the interrelationships between ideas, established epistemic communities and time emerge as key variables in determining the enlightenment function in implementation arenas. Time emerges as a vital multi-dimensional independent variable, and in one crucial dimension approximates with a state of readiness as outlined in Vickers' appreciative system. The article employs the case study of the limits of the privatisation idea in British trunk roads policy, and concludes that, even in seeking stability, actors tend to generate unpredictable change.

The evolutionary model provides important insights into the causal mechanisms of policy change. This works particularly through the notion that the introduction & success or failure of new ideas is a key element in instigating these policy change processes. The survival of an idea is also dependent on key temporal & spatial factors. An idea therefore urgently requires a method of propagation in order to reproduce itself. One means of this idea transmission is through the 'enlightenment function,' whereby an effective policy network may gradually alter the assumptions & idea 'images' of policymakers over time. For example, the interrelationships between ideas, established epistemic communities, & time emerge as key variables in determining the enlightenment function in implementation arenas. Time emerges as a vital multidimensional independent variable, & in one crucial dimension approximates with a state of readiness as outlined in Vickers's appreciative system. The article employs the case study of the limits of the privatization idea in British trunk roads policy, & concludes that, even in seeking stability, actors tend to generate unpredictable change. 52 References. Adapted from the source document.