Suchergebnisse

Intervenir auprès des parents consommateurs nécessite une coordination entre les différents professionnels et prestataires de services. Le Rond-Point, un centre d'expertise périnatale et familiale de toxicomanie à Montréal, est un projet de services intégrés pour cette clientèle. Le but de cet article est de décrire la démarche participative ayant mené à la conceptualisation du projet du Rond-Point que plusieurs auteurs schématisent sous la forme d'un modèle logique. Aussi, il permet d'apprécier le projet en considérant les conditions préalables permettant l'évaluation. Pour ce faire, 22 professionnels et des documents ont été consultés, pour réaliser une analyse thématique et une triangulation des contenus. Les résultats présentent la réalisation du modèle logique ainsi que les éléments qui divergent entre les sources d'informations. L'analyse permet d'apprécier le Rond-Point en considérant les quatre conditions préalables pour évaluer un programme, soit un modèle clair et bien défini, une plausibilité des liens entre les causes, les services et les résultats, une accessibilité des informations et une utilisation des résultats. Ainsi, le projet n'a pas une maturité ni une stabilité permettant de planifier une évaluation. Certaines conditions préalables doivent être révisées. En bref, cette recherche propose des améliorations pertinentes pour ce centre et apporte des réflexions judicieuses pour ceux qui veulent développer et implanter un tel projet.

ABSTRACTThe authors critically assessed reviews of the literature published between 1984 and 2002 to describe the state‐of‐knowledge about the effectiveness of interventions aimed at protecting or improving the welfare of child victims of maltreatment and who remain in the family home. The interventions studied target children, parents or families. They chiefly involve cases of sexual abuse, physical abuse or neglect; very few concern psychological abuse or exposure to violence. For the most part, the intervention effectiveness indicators measure changes in parents' and children's knowledge (e.g. better knowledge of child development), attitude (e.g. gains in enthusiasm), emotion (e.g. decreased anxiety) and behaviour (e.g. decreased rates of aversive behaviours). Few assessments follow up on participants to determine whether the changes are lasting. The small number of evaluative studies, methodological limitations and disparities in the content and the carrying out of interventions make it difficult to draw sound conclusions about the effectiveness of interventions, even for interventions most often and most favourably assessed, such as behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions with maltreating parents. Implications for practice, research and policy are underlined.

AbstractSince the beginning of the deinstitutionalization of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), few studies have been carried out on the community living transitions process. Policies require to offer hosting services which respect the ideology of "seeking a home," in accordance with the choices of individuals with ID. The involvement of individuals with ID in their own community living transition and concerted planning are considered to be part of the best practices. This study provides a portrait of community living transitions within rehabilitation centers. The aim was to develop new insights into the experience of community living transitions for people who have an ID. Specifically, this study identifies (1) a typology of community living transitions and (2) the gaps between best practices, desired practices, and current practices from the educators' viewpoint. Educators (n = 19) were randomly selected to participate in three focus groups and share their support experiences during community living transitions. Qualitative content analyses identified a typology of community living transitions. One out of the six types of transitions identified offered favorable conditions for a transition that involves the person with ID in his or her own transition and collaborative planning (prepared). The other types of transitions (last minute, explosive, turnkey, waiting room) all offered fewer opportunities for the person with ID to be involved in the transition process. Educators identified the characteristics of an ideal community living transition (as if it were myself). Gaps between the participants' experiences and best practices were identified, particularly regarding the involvement of individuals with ID in decisions concerning their own community living transition. The organization of the hosting services and a lack of accommodation resources influence the transition preparation time, the amount of collaborative planning, and the level of involvement of the person with ID. Implications of the gaps between experiences and best practices are identified.

Cet article rend compte de manière critique de la démarche conjointe d'élaboration du Cadre d'évaluation des entreprises d'insertion par elles-mêmes, le Collectif des entreprises d'insertion et des représentants gouvernementaux. Après avoir décrit la nature de l'action des entreprises d'insertion, l'article situe le contexte d'élaboration du Cadre dans une perspective historique. Il présente ensuite les acteurs concernés, les étapes d'élaboration ainsi que le contenu du Cadre. La dernière section identifie les enjeux techniques, stratégiques et politiques soulevés par la démarche.