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The 100th anniversary of the start of the Great War has brought a flood of new releases. General overviews such as Christopher Clark's 'Sleepwalkers' or Herfried Munkler's 'Der Grosse Krieg' [The great war] have achieved enormous print runs. Oliver Janz's '14' wins over readers with its concise analysis, while Jorn Leonhard's 'Buchse der Pandora' [Pandora's box] surprises with its innovation und synthetic power. 'The Cambridge History of the First World War' is trailblazing, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This boom in history and remembrance is more than media hype. It also reflects the sense of crisis surrounding Europe's present. Adapted from the source document.

To deal with the development of Cold War history means to summarize a part of international debates. Nevertheless, the (West) German approach originally had much to do with Allied responsibility of the German question, meaning partition in two states and the possibilities of re-unification. This meant that Cold War history in most cases placed the German question in the centre of research. Only since the 1970s a broader approach not only to European and transatlantic aspects emerged, but also to the inclusion of a world wide view. This was accompanied by the reception and advancement of international methodological debates. Adapted from the source document.

The "long 19th century" has seen a previously unknown acceleration of historic developments. European states both colonized most parts of the globe & opposed each other with severe long-term consequences. Yet, unlike the "brief 20th century," the 19th gave way to relatively few wars between great powers. The era of imperialism was characterized by increasing aggressiveness, on the one hand, & by self-containment in military actions, on the other. That was the setting for the First Hague Peace Conference in 1899 & for its endeavor of stopping the international arms race. It was not successful, but by creating the Hague Court of Arbitration, a first international institution of conflict resolution was founded. In 1907, the Second Hague Peace Conference came into being. It resulted in a comprehensive codification of the international law of war. 18 References. Adapted from the source document.