Suchergebnisse

This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. This book is open access under a CC-BY-NC-ND licence. The making of British bioethics provides the first in-depth study of how philosophers, lawyers and other 'outsiders' came to play a major role in discussing and helping to regulate issues that used to be left to doctors and scientists. It details how British bioethics emerged thanks to a dynamic interplay between sociopolitical concerns and the aims of specific professional groups and individuals who helped create the demand for outside involvement and transformed themselves into influential 'ethics experts'. Highlighting this interplay helps us appreciate how issues such as embryo research and assisted dying became high-profile 'bioethical' concerns in the late twentieth century, and why different groups now play a critical role in developing regulatory standards and leading public debates. The book draws on a wide range of original sources and will be of interest to historians of medicine and science, general historians and bioethicists

Detaillierte Studie zum Aufstieg Anglo American's zu einem der größten Unternehmen in Südafrika. Dieser ursprünglich als Dissertation angelegte Band untersucht den Zusammenschluß von Anglo American and de Beers, die Bedeutung des Unternehmens im Industrie- und Minenbereich zwischen den Weltkriegen, die nach dem Krieg gewonnene Monopolstellung sowie die Rolle, die der Konzern in der südafrikanischen Innen- und Außenpolitik spielt

Professional bodies in the UK (BASHH/BHIVA) do not currently recommended pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PREP) to prevent HIV aquisition for men who have sex with men (MSM) [1]. Conversely, although Federal Drug Administration approval is awaited, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have issued clinicians in the USA with interim guidance to facilitate PREP prescriptions [2]. Increasingly patients search the internet for information on HIV treatment, but disparate international policy can lead to confusing patient messages. This study was conducted to systematically assess the quality of internet information available to patients in the UK about PREP. More than 90% of internet searches in the UK are performed using 'Google.co.uk' and 'Bing' [3]. Using pre‐specified criteria, we reviewed the first 100 hits retrieved from each search engine when the following searches were performed: ["HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis"]; ["HIV PREP"]; ["HIV PREP guidelines"]; ["HIV PREP guidelines UK"]; ["truvada prophylaxis HIV"]. Of 172 unique websites identified, 124 websites were active at the time of the review (July 2012). 33 websites were links to academic journals including commentaries and clinical trials, not intended to specifically provide patient information; 5 were internet portals directing users to alternative sites and 10 websites contained no information about PREP. Of the remaining 76 websites, 28 were written by medical professionals and 48 were written by journalists, where 7/48 (15%) were individual blogs. 64/76 (84%) contained a definition of PREP; 63/76 (83%) discussed the rationale and 58/76 (76%) reported efficacy data. Advantages and disadvantages of PREP were presented in 56/76 (74%) and 41/76 (54%) of websites respectively. Only 21/76 (28%) of sites referenced existing national guidelines (CDC/BASHH). A minority of sites described the current clinical practice in the UK (7/76, 9%) with an even smaller number presenting the contrast in clinical stance between the CDC and BASHH/BHIVA (3/76, 4%). The use of PREP is evolving, and the internet is an important patient resource. However, current clinical practice in the UK is seldom described in accessible websites. Avoiding ad hoc and unsupervised use of PREP is crucial to prevent future drug resistance and risky sexual behaviour. More should be done to engage at‐risk groups and ensure patients in the UK have access to comprehensive information including the current UK PREP professional guidance.

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