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Vocabularies of victimization: sympathy, agency, and identity -- Survivor movements then and now -- The anti-rape movement and blameworthy victims -- The battered women's movement and blameless victims -- "Backlash" and pathetic victims -- Survivors of priest abuse and admirable victims -- The vanguard of victimology: survivors, identity work, and cultural change

Most studies of media focus on production, representation, or audience. Using rhetorical analysis and ethnographic field methods, my article offers one way to study media production contexts, representations, and audience interactions in relation to one another. For this project, I conducted a narrative rhetorical analysis of the reality docu-series Cathouse that takes place in a legal brothel in Nevada, the Moonlite Bunny Ranch. In addition, I visited the brothel and used ethnographic field methods of participant observation and interviewing to investigate the lived experiences of the women working at the Ranch. My analysis revealed a web of intertextual discourses of prostitution that I could not have accessed had I not used these methods in conjunction with one another. By bringing perspectives from rhetorical inquiry, cultural and media studies, and ethnography into conversation with one another, I provide a framework for analyzing production, representation, and audience for the Cathouse series, while attending to both the content of the women's stories and how these participants rhetorically constructed and performed their identities. Finally, my analysis offers insights into ethnographic and textual "crises of representation" in relation to the concept of "rhetorical authenticity" in media representations, the relationships between audience members, production, and representation in reality television, and material impacts for the women who work at the Moonlite Bunny Ranch that I could not have accessed without using these methods together.

AbstractThis paper reviews research and theory on the social construction of victims and victimization. There are four areas of inquiry: victims' self‐processes, the collaborative accomplishment of victimization, social problems claims‐making, and social movement framing. Scholars in each area take a symbolic interactionist perspective. Because victimization is potentially stigmatizing, much of this research and analysis draws on the literature on vocabularies of motive, aligning activities, and accounts. Literature on self‐processes examines how victims come to see themselves as victims and their situations as deviant. Often, when they try to establish their victim identities with others, they can be discredited or blamed if they do not meet expectations of typical victims. When people want to show that a social problem exists, they use images of victims to evoke sympathy and other emotions. Sometimes, collective identities may not be sympathetic, and also need to be managed, through the framing work of activists.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Section I Theoretical concepts -- Chapter 1 Rachel Dolezal, transracialism, and the Hypatia controversy: difficult conversations and the need for transgressing feminist discourses -- Sparks, fires, and transgressive futures -- References -- Chapter 2 (Inter)disciplinary transgressions: feminism, communication, and critical interdisciplinarity -- Interdisciplinarities -- Broadening the broad model: Critical feminist interdisciplinary correctives -- Five feminist correctives for the broad model of interdisciplinarity -- Case study: Interdisciplinarity enacted -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Visualizing intersectionality through a fractal metaphor: recursive, non-linear, and changeable -- Intersectionality metaphors -- Visualizing intersectionality as fractal -- The school-to-prison pipeline as an example of intersectionality as fractal -- Conclusions -- Note -- References -- Chapter 4 Transgressing whiteness: contemplative practices in language, communication, and gender studies -- Some context for our concerns -- The discourse of intersectionality -- Some approaches to conflict -- Contemplative feminist practices and the transgression of whiteness -- Final thoughts: A paradigm shift in language, communication, and gender studies -- References -- Chapter 5 The singular they and how it works: a (more or less) structuralist explanation of transgender's poststructuralist, pronominal revolution -- Syntactic contingency and the etymological void -- Deconstructing transgender -- Hierarchic oppositions -- Bakhtin's structuralist/formalist deconstruction -- Summing up -- Notes -- References