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Die Anlehnung der Kaiserlichen Marine an Großbritannien 1870 bis 1890
In: Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte; Deutsche Marinen im Wandel, S. 91-111
Das Millennium
In: Militärgeschichte: Zeitschrift für historische Bildung, Band 10, Heft 1, S. 1
ISSN: 0940-4163
The "Invention" of the Submarine
In: Naval forces: international forum for maritime power, S. 6-9
ISSN: 0722-8880
The "Invention" of the Submarine
In: Naval forces: international forum for maritime power, Heft 2, S. 6-9
ISSN: 0722-8880
Die "Erfindung" des Ubootes und seine Entwicklung bis zur Einsatzreife zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts
In: Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv, Band 22, S. 23-34
As has been the case with other trailblazing innovations, several "inventors" claimed to have been the first to come up with the idea of the underwater vessel. Many of their theories have come down to us, theories that were never put into practice or developed to the point of usability. The experiments carried out by the Dutchman Cornelius van Drebbel (1624), David Bushnell (1742), Fulton (ca. 1800), Wilhelm Bauer (1850) and Horace Hunley (1863) are, for example, worthy of mention. Until the last quarter of the nineteenth century, however, the development of submarines was subject to limitations, due not least of all to the fact that the primary problem - the economic incentive for surface/subsurface movement- could not be solved by technical means. The various initial experiments with submersible craft nevertheless led to a number of significant findings: The designers knew what prerequisites had to be fulfilled for submerged running, they had tested the diving and surfacing functions of their craft and gained insight into the effects of subsea movement on the crew. With regard to the tactical application of these vessels in maritime warfare, it was known that underwater craft were a promising means of approaching an enemy ship unrecognised and carrying out an underwater detonation. Between 1875 and 1900, the systematic development of usable underwater vessels advanced quickly, due both to the introduction of suitable construction materials and developments in the area of engine and arms technology: This period saw the invention of the battery-powered electric engine for subsea movement and the torpedo as the submarine's primary weapon. While the United States and France played a leading role in the systematic development of the submarine, Germany waited and made use of experience gained by other countries. Through the introduction of technical improvements in the weaponry as well as the steering, locating, and propulsion functions - particularly the installation of torpedoes and the design of diesel engines that could be used in connection with electric drive - the submarine finally underwent concrete application in all navies at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Geschichte: Gründung der ersten deutschen Marine 1848
In: Information für die Truppe: IFDT ; Zeitschrift für innere Führung, Band 42, Heft 6, S. 28-36
ISSN: 0443-1243
Der Juniorpartner: England u. d. Entwicklung d. deutschen Marine 1848 - 1890
In: Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Marine Instituts 7
Editorial: Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift - Eine Zwischenbilanz
In: Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift: MGZ, Band 62, Heft 2, S. 329-330
ISSN: 2196-6850
Seemacht und Seestrategie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert
In: Vorträge zur Militärgeschichte 18
50 Jahre Deutsche Atlantische Gesellschaft: 50 Jahre europäisch-transatlantische Partnerschaft 1956-2006 : aus Anlass des Festaktes am 25. Oktober 2006 in Berlin
Polenz, R.: Deutsche Sicherheit muss im 21. Jahrhundert global definiert werden. - S. 8-13 Thoß, B.: Abschreckung und Verteidigung : Verteidigungsplanung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland unter den bündnisstrategischen Vorgaben der NATO 1950-1968. - S. 14-33 Duppler, J.: Die Gründung der Deutschen Atlantischen Gesellschaft im März 1956. - S. 34-59 Lay, J.: Die Deutsche Atlantische Gesellschaft im Jubiläumsjahr. - S. 60-71
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