Suchergebnisse

L introduction pose la question d un avenir forestier pour les friches méditerranéennes. Puis les communications s organisent en quatre grandes parties : 1- : Les leçons du terrain : cultiver du bois après la vigne ? L opinion d un viticulteur, de la vign

International audience ; L introduction pose la question d un avenir forestier pour les friches méditerranéennes. Puis les communications s organisent en quatre grandes parties : 1- : Les leçons du terrain : cultiver du bois après la vigne ? L opinion d un viticulteur, de la vign

Silvoarable agroforestry integrates the use of trees and arable crops on the same area of land, and such systems can be supported by national governments under the European Union's (EU) Rural Development Regulations (2014–2020). In order to improve the understanding of farmers' perceptions of such systems, detailed face-to-face interviews were completed with 15 farmers in Bedfordshire, England. Most of these farmers thought that silvoarable systems would not be profitable on their farms and that benefits would tend to be environmental or social rather than economic. Most farmers also thought that management and use of machinery would become more difficult. They felt that the tree component could potentially disrupt field operations and drainage and expressed concerns over the uncertain and long-term nature of timber revenue and the effect of intercrop yield reductions on crop revenue. Even so, 20% of the farmers stated they would use silvoarable systems if convinced that they were more profitable than conventional arable farming. A further 20% said they would farm the intercrop area belonging to someone else, if the rent was reduced to compensate for crop yield reductions. These results suggest that for most arable farmers, an economic advantage over current practice needs to exist before silvoarable systems are likely to be adopted. However, a minority might rent the crop component of a silvoarable system from another party or implement a full system for perceived environmental or social benefits.

Poster ; Facing new challenges of agriculture, the research for more sustainable agrosystems includes a growing interest in agroforestry practices. Over the past years, a large number of experimental and demonstration plots have been established all around France. However, coordination between research and extension partners is lacking. In order to support innovations in agriculture, the French government encourages partnership between research, development and education stakeholders, through the creation of Mixed Technological Networks (Réseaux Mixtes Technologiques, RMT). These RMTs benefit from national recognition and receive a grant for network coordination and communication. In 2014, a new network was created: the RMT "AgroforesterieS" brings together about fifty members involved in agroforestry, from research, semi-public and associative farmers' organizations, technical institutes, engineering offices, and agricultural schools. By sharing expertise, databases and demonstration sites, the network aims at (i) promoting collective dynamics for the development of sustainable and innovative agroforestry systems adapted to the French territorial constraints, and (ii) developing technical and methodological tools for the setting up and management of agroforestry systems. It will particularly achieve these by: 1. Creating an observatory of agroforestry practices, including both experimental and commercial sites, in order to provide technical references for farmers; 2. Carrying out a multicriteria assessment of agroforestry systems, in terms of economical, technical, agronomical and environmental performances, as well as adoption factors; 3. Ensuring the coordination of scientific and technical stakeholders in order to initiate new collectively-thought projects of research and development in agroforestry; 4. Developing and/or improve decision support tools for farmers and land managers for the design and management of agroforestry systems; 5. Drawing up a strategy for knowledge diffusion towards future advisors, learners, and users.

A stumbling block to the adoption of silvoarable agroforestry systems is the lack of quantitative knowledge on the performance of different crops when competing for resources with trees. In North-Western Europe, light is likely to be the principal limiting resource for understorey crops, and most agronomic studies show a systematic reduction of final yield as shade increases. However the intensity of the crop response depends on both the environmental conditions and the shade characteristics. This study addressed the issue by monitoring winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, productivity and quality under artificial shade provided by military camouflage shade-netting, and using the Hi-sAFe model to relate the artificial shade conditions to those applying in agroforestry systems. The field experiment was carried out over two consecutive years (2013–14 and 2014–15) on the experimental farm of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgium. The shade structures recreated two shade conditions: periodic shade (PS) and continuous shade (CS), with the former using overlapping military camouflage netting to provide discontinuous light through the day, and the latter using conventional shade cloth. The experiment simulated shading from a canopy of late-flushing hybrid walnut leaves above winter wheat. Shading was imposed 16 (2013–14) and 10 (2014–15) days before flowering and retained until harvest. The crop experienced full light conditions until the maximum leaf area index stage (LAImax) had been reached. In both years, LAI followed the same dynamics between the different treatments, but in 2013–2014 an attack of the take-all disease (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) reduced yields overall and prevented significant treatment effects. In season 2014–15 the decrease in global radiation reaching the crop during a period of 66 days (CS: – 61% and PS: – 43%) significantly affected final yield (CS: – 45% and PS: – 25%), mainly through a reduction of the average grain weight and the number of grain per m2. Grain protein content increased by up to 45% under the CS treatment in 2015. Nevertheless, at the plot scale, protein yield (t/ha) did not compensate for the final grain yield decrease. The Hi-sAFe model was used to simulate an agroforestry plot with two lines of walnut trees running either north-south or east-west. The levels of artificial shade levels applied in this experiment were compared to those predicted beneath trees growing with similar climatic conditions in Belgium. The levels used in the CS treatment are only likely to occur real agroforestry conditions on 10% of the cropped area until the trees are 30 years old and only with east-west tree row orientation. ; Peer reviewed

Cette étude a été conduite à la demande des autorités régionales dans le cadre de la préparation du contrat de plan Etat-Région. La première partie introductive présente l'objectif de l'étude qui est de proposer une vue prospective de l'agriculture bretonne dans un contexte de réexamen de la politique agricole commune (PAC), lié aux contraintes actuelles et anticipées de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), à l'élargissement de l'Europe à l'Est, et aux préoccupations environnementales. La deuxième partie dresse un état des lieux de l'agriculture bretonne. On met d'abord l'accent sur l'importance du complexe agro-alimentaire dans l'économie bretonne. On aborde ensuite les structures de production qui ont connu une évolution classique (baisse des effectifs, concentration et gains de productivité) accompagnée de la spécialisation et de la simplification des systèmes de production. Les conséquences de la concentration et de la spécialisation sur l'environnement sont ensuite analysées ainsi que les politiques environnementales mises en oeuvre. Un bilan des industries agro-alimentaires est également fait. La troisième partie fait le point sur les évolutions fondamentales qui vont affecter l'agriculture et celle de la Bretagne en particulier, notamment l'évolution du comportement du consommateur-citoyen, l'intensification des échanges internationaux, les réglementations sanitaires et phytosanitaires ainsi que les politiques environnementales. La quatrième partie tente de cerner les enjeux de la contribution de l'agriculture bretonne à un développement régional durable, face aux risques externes (montée de la concurrence internationale) et internes (forte spécialisation, effets d'image négatifs liés à la dégradation de l'environnement). Elle donne également des principes pour l'action publique. Les aspects prospectifs sont prolongés par des projections d'impact de la future réforme de la PAC (Agenda 2000) sur les résultats économiques du secteur agricole breton. Compte tenu des aides nouvelles, le revenu brut d'exploitation par actif en termes réels devrait augmenter entre 1996 et 2005. Enfin, des initiatives régionales sont proposées visant le maintien du système productif du complexe agroalimentaire breton, la diversification mais aussi la mise au point de produits à vocation universelle rattachés à l'origine régionale, la mise en place d'un système de suivi crédible des pratiques environnementales et d'un zonage complet de l'espace rural pour atténuer les conflits d'usage, la mise en valeur du potentiel de l'espace rural.

Cette étude a été conduite à la demande des autorités régionales dans le cadre de la préparation du contrat de plan Etat-Région. La première partie introductive présente l'objectif de l'étude qui est de proposer une vue prospective de l'agriculture bretonne dans un contexte de réexamen de la politique agricole commune (PAC), lié aux contraintes actuelles et anticipées de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), à l'élargissement de l'Europe à l'Est, et aux préoccupations environnementales. La deuxième partie dresse un état des lieux de l'agriculture bretonne. On met d'abord l'accent sur l'importance du complexe agro-alimentaire dans l'économie bretonne. On aborde ensuite les structures de production qui ont connu une évolution classique (baisse des effectifs, concentration et gains de productivité) accompagnée de la spécialisation et de la simplification des systèmes de production. Les conséquences de la concentration et de la spécialisation sur l'environnement sont ensuite analysées ainsi que les politiques environnementales mises en oeuvre. Un bilan des industries agro-alimentaires est également fait. La troisième partie fait le point sur les évolutions fondamentales qui vont affecter l'agriculture et celle de la Bretagne en particulier, notamment l'évolution du comportement du consommateur-citoyen, l'intensification des échanges internationaux, les réglementations sanitaires et phytosanitaires ainsi que les politiques environnementales. La quatrième partie tente de cerner les enjeux de la contribution de l'agriculture bretonne à un développement régional durable, face aux risques externes (montée de la concurrence internationale) et internes (forte spécialisation, effets d'image négatifs liés à la dégradation de l'environnement). Elle donne également des principes pour l'action publique. Les aspects prospectifs sont prolongés par des projections d'impact de la future réforme de la PAC (Agenda 2000) sur les résultats économiques du secteur agricole breton. Compte tenu des aides nouvelles, le revenu brut ...

Ce rapport, coordonné par Laurent Piet (INRAE, UMR SMART-LERECO), a été réalisé dans le cadre de l'appel à projets de recherche « Revenu des agriculteurs : mesures, déterminants et instruments d'accompagnement » du Centre d'études et de prospective du Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation. ; The analysis of farmers' income must take into account its composition (agricultural sources, non-agricultural sources, and public support), its level (per farm, per labour unit, per household), its dispersion (between farmers, between production systems) and its evolution (in the short and long term). The objectives of the Agr'Income project are, first, to review the different definitions of the concept of "farm income" and the indicators and sources usually used to characterize and quantify it, and then to describe as precisely as possible the diversity of French farmers' income. Secondly, it is a question of analyzing the technical and economic determinants that govern the construction of the income generated by farms, and the trade-offs between immediate remuneration of work and deferred remuneration in the form of asset accumulation. Thirdly, the project aims to study the extent to which certain income support instruments defined within the framework of the CAP make it possible to achieve the political objectives set in terms of convergence and redistribution of aid, and whether this type of income support proves to be coherent with the simultaneous pursuit of objectives in terms of environmental issues. ; L'analyse du revenu des agriculteurs doit tenir compte à la fois de sa composition (sources agricoles, sources non agricoles, soutien public), de son niveau (par exploitation, par unité de main d'œuvre, par ménage), de sa dispersion (entre agriculteurs, entre systèmes de production) et de son évolution (à court terme et à long terme). Les objectifs du projet Agr'Income sont ainsi, en premier lieu, de faire le point sur les différentes définitions du concept de "revenu agricole" et sur les indicateurs et ...

Ce rapport, coordonné par Laurent Piet (INRAE, UMR SMART-LERECO), a été réalisé dans le cadre de l'appel à projets de recherche « Revenu des agriculteurs : mesures, déterminants et instruments d'accompagnement » du Centre d'études et de prospective du Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation. ; The analysis of farmers' income must take into account its composition (agricultural sources, non-agricultural sources, and public support), its level (per farm, per labour unit, per household), its dispersion (between farmers, between production systems) and its evolution (in the short and long term). The objectives of the Agr'Income project are, first, to review the different definitions of the concept of "farm income" and the indicators and sources usually used to characterize and quantify it, and then to describe as precisely as possible the diversity of French farmers' income. Secondly, it is a question of analyzing the technical and economic determinants that govern the construction of the income generated by farms, and the trade-offs between immediate remuneration of work and deferred remuneration in the form of asset accumulation. Thirdly, the project aims to study the extent to which certain income support instruments defined within the framework of the CAP make it possible to achieve the political objectives set in terms of convergence and redistribution of aid, and whether this type of income support proves to be coherent with the simultaneous pursuit of objectives in terms of environmental issues. ; L'analyse du revenu des agriculteurs doit tenir compte à la fois de sa composition (sources agricoles, sources non agricoles, soutien public), de son niveau (par exploitation, par unité de main d'œuvre, par ménage), de sa dispersion (entre agriculteurs, entre systèmes de production) et de son évolution (à court terme et à long terme). Les objectifs du projet Agr'Income sont ainsi, en premier lieu, de faire le point sur les différentes définitions du concept de "revenu agricole" et sur les indicateurs et ...

Ce rapport, coordonné par Laurent Piet (INRAE, UMR SMART-LERECO), a été réalisé dans le cadre de l'appel à projets de recherche « Revenu des agriculteurs : mesures, déterminants et instruments d'accompagnement » du Centre d'études et de prospective du Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation. ; The analysis of farmers' income must take into account its composition (agricultural sources, non-agricultural sources, and public support), its level (per farm, per labour unit, per household), its dispersion (between farmers, between production systems) and its evolution (in the short and long term). The objectives of the Agr'Income project are, first, to review the different definitions of the concept of "farm income" and the indicators and sources usually used to characterize and quantify it, and then to describe as precisely as possible the diversity of French farmers' income. Secondly, it is a question of analyzing the technical and economic determinants that govern the construction of the income generated by farms, and the trade-offs between immediate remuneration of work and deferred remuneration in the form of asset accumulation. Thirdly, the project aims to study the extent to which certain income support instruments defined within the framework of the CAP make it possible to achieve the political objectives set in terms of convergence and redistribution of aid, and whether this type of income support proves to be coherent with the simultaneous pursuit of objectives in terms of environmental issues. ; L'analyse du revenu des agriculteurs doit tenir compte à la fois de sa composition (sources agricoles, sources non agricoles, soutien public), de son niveau (par exploitation, par unité de main d'œuvre, par ménage), de sa dispersion (entre agriculteurs, entre systèmes de production) et de son évolution (à court terme et à long terme). Les objectifs du projet Agr'Income sont ainsi, en premier lieu, de faire le point sur les différentes définitions du concept de "revenu agricole" et sur les indicateurs et ...

Ce rapport, coordonné par Laurent Piet (INRAE, UMR SMART-LERECO), a été réalisé dans le cadre de l'appel à projets de recherche « Revenu des agriculteurs : mesures, déterminants et instruments d'accompagnement » du Centre d'études et de prospective du Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation. ; The analysis of farmers' income must take into account its composition (agricultural sources, non-agricultural sources, and public support), its level (per farm, per labour unit, per household), its dispersion (between farmers, between production systems) and its evolution (in the short and long term). The objectives of the Agr'Income project are, first, to review the different definitions of the concept of "farm income" and the indicators and sources usually used to characterize and quantify it, and then to describe as precisely as possible the diversity of French farmers' income. Secondly, it is a question of analyzing the technical and economic determinants that govern the construction of the income generated by farms, and the trade-offs between immediate remuneration of work and deferred remuneration in the form of asset accumulation. Thirdly, the project aims to study the extent to which certain income support instruments defined within the framework of the CAP make it possible to achieve the political objectives set in terms of convergence and redistribution of aid, and whether this type of income support proves to be coherent with the simultaneous pursuit of objectives in terms of environmental issues. ; L'analyse du revenu des agriculteurs doit tenir compte à la fois de sa composition (sources agricoles, sources non agricoles, soutien public), de son niveau (par exploitation, par unité de main d'œuvre, par ménage), de sa dispersion (entre agriculteurs, entre systèmes de production) et de son évolution (à court terme et à long terme). Les objectifs du projet Agr'Income sont ainsi, en premier lieu, de faire le point sur les différentes définitions du concept de "revenu agricole" et sur les indicateurs et ...

Ce rapport, coordonné par Laurent Piet (INRAE, UMR SMART-LERECO), a été réalisé dans le cadre de l'appel à projets de recherche « Revenu des agriculteurs : mesures, déterminants et instruments d'accompagnement » du Centre d'études et de prospective du Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation. ; The analysis of farmers' income must take into account its composition (agricultural sources, non-agricultural sources, and public support), its level (per farm, per labour unit, per household), its dispersion (between farmers, between production systems) and its evolution (in the short and long term). The objectives of the Agr'Income project are, first, to review the different definitions of the concept of "farm income" and the indicators and sources usually used to characterize and quantify it, and then to describe as precisely as possible the diversity of French farmers' income. Secondly, it is a question of analyzing the technical and economic determinants that govern the construction of the income generated by farms, and the trade-offs between immediate remuneration of work and deferred remuneration in the form of asset accumulation. Thirdly, the project aims to study the extent to which certain income support instruments defined within the framework of the CAP make it possible to achieve the political objectives set in terms of convergence and redistribution of aid, and whether this type of income support proves to be coherent with the simultaneous pursuit of objectives in terms of environmental issues. ; L'analyse du revenu des agriculteurs doit tenir compte à la fois de sa composition (sources agricoles, sources non agricoles, soutien public), de son niveau (par exploitation, par unité de main d'œuvre, par ménage), de sa dispersion (entre agriculteurs, entre systèmes de production) et de son évolution (à court terme et à long terme). Les objectifs du projet Agr'Income sont ainsi, en premier lieu, de faire le point sur les différentes définitions du concept de "revenu agricole" et sur les indicateurs et ...

Project context The European Union has targets to improve the competitiveness of European agriculture and forestry, whilst improving the environment and the quality of rural life. At the same time there is a need to improve our resilience to climate change and to enhance biodiversity. During the twentieth century, large productivity advances were made by managing agriculture and forestry as separate practices, but often at a high environmental cost. In order to address landscape-scale issues such as biodiversity and water quality, we argue that farmers and society will benefit from considering landuse as a continuum including both agriculture and trees, and that there are significant opportunities for European farmers and society to benefit from a closer integration of trees with agriculture. Agroforestry is the practice of deliberately integrating woody vegetation (trees or shrubs) with crop and/or animal systems to benefit from the resulting ecological and economic interactions. ; AGFORWARD (Grant Agreement N° 613520) is co-funded by the European Commission, Directorate General for Research & Innovation, within the 7th Framework Programme of RTD. The views and opinions expressed in this report are purely those of the writers and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission