Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Les éleveurs sont parmi les principaux usagers de l'arbre. Ils s'en servent en particulier pour alimenter leur troupeau en période de soudure, à la fin de la saison sèche. Les pratiques d'exploitation de l'arbre des éleveurs sont parmi les plus élaborées de tous les usagers. Cependant, l'usage durable de cette ressource fourragère nécessite son renouvellement. Celui-ci est fortement lié à la protection dont bénéficie le plant lors de ses premières années. Cette protection est d'autant plus difficile que la pression du bétail est forte, ce qui est le cas notamment autour des campements d'éleveurs, où les systèmes de protections traditionnelles s'avèrent peu efficaces. Cette communication présente les résultats d'une expérimentation de manchons de protection en polypropylène en milieu de forte pression d'élevage, le campement Peul de Macina (200 km de Garoua). Le test a été réalisé sur deux essences, l'Afzelia, producteur de fourrage, et l'Eucalyptus, producteur de bois de service. Il a été doublé en station. L'efficacité du manchon dans les premiers mois de développement du plant, mais aussi l'intérêt des éleveurs pour ce système sont ici discutés. (Résumé d'auteur)

International audience ; Les éleveurs sont parmi les principaux usagers de l'arbre. Ils s'en servent en particulier pour alimenter leur troupeau en période de soudure, à la fin de la saison sèche. Les pratiques d'exploitation de l'arbre des éleveurs sont parmi les plus élaborées de tous les usagers. Cependant, l'usage durable de cette ressource fourragère nécessite son renouvellement. Celui-ci est fortement lié à la protection dont bénéficie le plant lors de ses premières années. Cette protection est d'autant plus difficile que la pression du bétail est forte, ce qui est le cas notamment autour des campements d'éleveurs, où les systèmes de protections traditionnelles s'avèrent peu efficaces. Cette communication présente les résultats d'une expérimentation de manchons de protection en polypropylène en milieu de forte pression d'élevage, le campement Peul de Macina (200 km de Garoua). Le test a été réalisé sur deux essences, l'Afzelia, producteur de fourrage, et l'Eucalyptus, producteur de bois de service. Il a été doublé en station. L'efficacité du manchon dans les premiers mois de développement du plant, mais aussi l'intérêt des éleveurs pour ce système sont ici discutés. (Résumé d'auteur)

Silvoarable agroforestry integrates the use of trees and arable crops on the same area of land, and such systems can be supported by national governments under the European Union's (EU) Rural Development Regulations (2014–2020). In order to improve the understanding of farmers' perceptions of such systems, detailed face-to-face interviews were completed with 15 farmers in Bedfordshire, England. Most of these farmers thought that silvoarable systems would not be profitable on their farms and that benefits would tend to be environmental or social rather than economic. Most farmers also thought that management and use of machinery would become more difficult. They felt that the tree component could potentially disrupt field operations and drainage and expressed concerns over the uncertain and long-term nature of timber revenue and the effect of intercrop yield reductions on crop revenue. Even so, 20% of the farmers stated they would use silvoarable systems if convinced that they were more profitable than conventional arable farming. A further 20%said they would farm the intercrop area belonging to someone else, if the rent was reduced to compensate for crop yield reductions. These results suggest that for most arable farmers, an economic advantage over current practice needs to exist before silvoarable systems are likely to be adopted. However, a minority might rent the crop component of a silvoarable system from another party or implement a full system for perceived environmental or social benefits.

Silvoarable agroforestry integrates the use of trees and arable crops on the same area of land, and such systems can be supported by national governments under the European Union's (EU) Rural Development Regulations (2014–2020). In order to improve the understanding of farmers' perceptions of such systems, detailed face-to-face interviews were completed with 15 farmers in Bedfordshire, England. Most of these farmers thought that silvoarable systems would not be profitable on their farms and that benefits would tend to be environmental or social rather than economic. Most farmers also thought that management and use of machinery would become more difficult. They felt that the tree component could potentially disrupt field operations and drainage and expressed concerns over the uncertain and long-term nature of timber revenue and the effect of intercrop yield reductions on crop revenue. Even so, 20% of the farmers stated they would use silvoarable systems if convinced that they were more profitable than conventional arable farming. A further 20%said they would farm the intercrop area belonging to someone else, if the rent was reduced to compensate for crop yield reductions. These results suggest that for most arable farmers, an economic advantage over current practice needs to exist before silvoarable systems are likely to be adopted. However, a minority might rent the crop component of a silvoarable system from another party or implement a full system for perceived environmental or social benefits.

Silvoarable agroforestry integrates the use of trees and arable crops on the same area of land, and such systems can be supported by national governments under the European Union's (EU) Rural Development Regulations (2014–2020). In order to improve the understanding of farmers' perceptions of such systems, detailed face-to-face interviews were completed with 15 farmers in Bedfordshire, England. Most of these farmers thought that silvoarable systems would not be profitable on their farms and that benefits would tend to be environmental or social rather than economic. Most farmers also thought that management and use of machinery would become more difficult. They felt that the tree component could potentially disrupt field operations and drainage and expressed concerns over the uncertain and long-term nature of timber revenue and the effect of intercrop yield reductions on crop revenue. Even so, 20% of the farmers stated they would use silvoarable systems if convinced that they were more profitable than conventional arable farming. A further 20%said they would farm the intercrop area belonging to someone else, if the rent was reduced to compensate for crop yield reductions. These results suggest that for most arable farmers, an economic advantage over current practice needs to exist before silvoarable systems are likely to be adopted. However, a minority might rent the crop component of a silvoarable system from another party or implement a full system for perceived environmental or social benefits.

International audience The National College of Teachers in Family Medicine developed a competence-based teaching model for family physicians' early curriculum, the «competence daisy » (CD).The CD model is a graphic representation of six core competencies necessary to a future practicing family physician.These competencies are implemented in primary care situations described in 11 categories of prototypic and exemplary situations. Patient-centered care (PCC) is an internationally validated systemic care model based on the work of M. Balint and C. Rogers. This pragmatic and eclectic model encompass both physician's and patient's perspectives. It is applicable by every physician but seems especially relevant to primary care. These two models, CD and PCC, are complementary and interact wich each other. The CD model is a pedagogical model: it gives meaning and coherence to competence acquisition for the health care role of future family physicians. The purpose of the PCC model is to give meaning to this health care role by putting the patient and his or her life plan (or personal health plan) at the center of the patient-doctor relationship. We hereby propose a reconfiguration of the systemic architecture and the dimensions of the PCC model that integrates the two models. Creating connexions between CD and PCC would link the CD model to the internationally validated PCC model, thus opening a field for research in academic family medicine. ; Le Collège national des généralistes enseignants (CNGE), a développé un modèle pédagogique d'apprentissage centré sur l'acquisition et le développement de compétences dans la formation initiale des médecins généralistes. Ce modèle dit de «la marguerite des compétences»(MC) décrit les 6 compétences nécessaires au médecin généraliste pour accomplir les tâches de la fonction soignante. Ces compétences sont mises en œuvre dans des situations de soins primaires qui ont été regroupées en 11 familles de situations prototypiques et exemplaires.Le concept d'Approche centrée sur le patient ...