Suchergebnisse

[EN] Assessing traumatic experiences experienced by victims of political violence has drawn the attention of the international scientific community in order to create appropriate models of intervention. The Inventory of Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire to assess traumatization Harvard refugees and created by Richard Mollica and his research team in 1992, was applied to 124 American, coming from different countries who were treated at the Treatment Center for Torture Victims School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences at Oregon (Torture Treatment Center at Oregon Health and Science University). The objectives of this study were to explore gender differences attributable to the traumatic experiences suffered by Latin American victims of political violence and to check the type of clinical diagnosis associated with these experiences. The results of the Traumatic Experiences Inventory were compared with clinical diagnosis as well as the gender of the clinical group which conducted the study. The results show that both men and women who have been exposed to traumatic experiences, there is a high incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder, there were no gender differences attributable to scale performance assessment of traumatic experiences in the total count the questionnaire but to make an item by item analysis. Results are discussed considering the theoretical model chosen and identifies the theoretical and clinical implications of the study. ; [ES] Evaluar las experiencias traumáticas vivenciadas por víctimas de violencia política ha llamado la atención de la comunidad científica internacional con el propósito de crear modelos de intervención apropiados. El Inventario de Experiencias Traumáticas del Cuestionario Harvard para evaluar traumatización en refugiados y creado por Richard Mollica y su equipo de investigación en 1992, fue aplicado a 124 latinoamericanos, provenientes de diferentes países, que fueron atendidos en el Centro de Tratamiento para Víctimas de Tortura de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias de la Salud de Oregón (Torture Treatment Center at Oregón Health and Science University). Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron explorar diferencias atribuibles al género en las experiencias traumáticas experimentadas por Latino Americanos víctimas de violencia política y revisar en el tipo de diagnóstico clínico asociado a esas propias experiencias. Los resultados del Inventario de Experiencias Traumáticas se confrontaron con el diagnóstico clínico así como con el género del grupo clínico con el que se efectuó el estudio. Los resultados muestran que, tanto en hombres como mujeres que han estado expuestos a experiencias traumáticas, existe una alta incidencia de Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático, no se aprecian diferencias atribuibles al género en el desempeño en la escala de evaluación de experiencias traumáticas en el cómputo total del cuestionario pero sí al efectuar un análisis ítem por ítem. Se discuten los resultados contemplando el modelo teórico elegido y se señalan las implicancias teóricas y clínicas del estudio.

European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, 19–30 Apr 2021.-- 2 pages.-- The authors wish to thank the Secretaría General de Pesca and Tragsa for the 2004 Espace Project dataset ; The north-western Mediterranean continental margin is one of the few regions in the world where bottom trawling has been continuously practised since several decades. Among the existing trawling techniques, the one practised on this region is the "otter trawling", which has a strong impact on the seafloor morphology via scraping and ploughing, especially on muddy substrates. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data, side scan sonar images, sediment cores and satellite based Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data have been integrated to investigate the impact of bottom trawling on the seafloor morphology of the northern Catalan continental shelf (NW Mediterranean). Satellite-based navigation tracks from bottom trawlers operating in the study area during 6 years (2006-2011) reveal the spatial distribution of fishing grounds and the occurrence of an intense trawling effort around the 50-60 m isobaths, since trawling is banned at shallow depths. Backscatter imagery shows a narrow (120-250 m wide) and discontinuous high backscatter facies along this depth range, extending parallel to the coastline for more than 40 km from Portbou to l'Estartit. In the bathymetric data, this high backscatter region also coincides with an abrupt change in the mean seafloor gradient (from 0.8° in the inner shelf to 0.4° in the middle shelf), or locally with a narrow (50-150 m wide) slightly depressed (0.2-0.6 m deep) channeled morphology. Side-scan sonar images display high density of trawl marks generated by fishing gears in this area. Further offshore, scattered narrower trawl hauls are also observed on the middle shelf (60-90 m deep), where they can be traced across several thousands of meters. Sediment cores retrieved from the area of high backscatter and largest trawling intensity display sediment coarsening in the upper layers (0-4 cm) caused by winnowing of finer fractions. These findings demonstrate that chronic stirring, mixing and erosion of surface sediments induced by recurrent trawling persisting over the same fishing grounds can cause long-term morphological and sedimentary changes on the continental shelf seafloor ; This study has received funding from the ABIDES (Assessment of Bottom-trawling Impacts in the Deep-sea Sediments) Spanish Research Project (CTM2015-65142-R) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 867471. Additional funds were provided by the Generalitat de Catalunya Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR-663 and -1588) and by the Spanish Research Project ABRIC (RTI2018-096434-B-I00). This work is contributing to the ICM's 'Center of Excellence' Severo Ochoa (CEX2019-000928-S) ; Peer reviewed

European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, 19–30 Apr 2021.-- 2 pages.-- The authors wish to thank the Secretaría General de Pesca and Tragsa for the 2004 Espace Project dataset ; Submarine canyons are morphological features found along continental margins that play a key role channeling and connecting sediment from continental shelves to the abyssal plains. The current morphological characterization of the Blanes and Cap de Creus canyon heads, located on the Catalan continental margin (NW Mediterranean Sea), has been recently conducted during the CRIMA cruise in September 2020 using high-resolution (4 m grid size) multibeam bathymetry data. These data have been compared with a previous dataset collected in 2004 during the ESPACE project to evaluate the morphological changes during this 16-year interval. Since these canyon heads are located at shallow water depths and at short distances from the shoreline, their short-term evolution is related to the sediment dynamics on the continental shelf. A large-scale change in the seafloor morphology was observed in the Blanes canyon head, indicating the prevalence of erosion in the western canyon rim and non-deposition in the eastern rim. In the Cap de Creus canyon head, the excavation of pre-existing erosive structures was also evidenced in the southwestern canyon rim. These changes mainly happen in the area where the shelf is narrower, which coincide with the main zone of dense water advection along the shelf and toward the canyon interior. The different small-scale morphological evolution between both canyon heads seems to be related to the local geological characteristic of the subsurface deposits of the continental shelf. The Blanes canyon head incises a succession of relict (Holocene) sediment bodies that can act as a source of erodible sediments to the canyon, mainly during strong storms. The continental shelf in the vicinity of the Cap de Creus canyon head, however, is characterized by a rocky substratum (Paleozoic) with a limited sediment coverage and numerous erosive features that evidence relative sand starvation. This creates a greater erosive resistance, although the erosive character of strong storms and major dense-shelf water cascading events occurring during the studied time interval is evident. Additionally, small changes in the shelf bedforms indicate that such high-energetic oceanographic processes also modify the fine-scale seafloor morphology. These results reveal that both submarine canyon heads are dynamic and sensitive to oceanographic processes that enhance the erosion and transport of sediment from the shelf into the canyon, particularly during energetic storms and dense shelf water cascading events. Nevertheless, their small-scale evolution seems to be closely related to the type of geological substrate of the shelf on which they are developing ; This study has received funding from the ABRIC (RTI2018-096434-B-I00) and CRIMA (RTI2018-095770-B-I00) Spanish Research Projects, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 867471 and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR-663 and -1588). This work is contributing to the ICM's 'Center of Excellence' Severo Ochoa (CEX2019-000928-S) ; Peer reviewed

22 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables.-- Dataset https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13748 ; Increases of water turbidity and suspended sediment transport in submarine canyons have been associated with high-energy events such as storms, river floods and dense shelf water cascading (DSWC), and occasionally with bottom trawling along canyon flanks and rims. To assess the variations on the water column turbidity and sediment transport in the Palamós Canyon linked to both natural and trawling-induced processes, an autonomous hydrographic profiler, as well as a near-bottom current meter and a turbidimeter were deployed in the canyon axis (929 m depth) from February to June 2017, covering a trawling closure (February) and trawling activities (March-June). Periods of enhanced water turbidity during the trawling closure were mostly associated with storms and DSWC events, transporting turbid dense waters into the canyon. In absence of such events, the water column displayed low suspended sediment concentrations (~ 0.3 mg L− 1) until the trawling season began, when particulate matter detachments, ranging between > 1 mg L− 1 and 3.8 mg L− 1, were observed at the water depths where the trawling grounds are found. During the trawling closure, high near-bottom suspended sediment fluxes (35–44 g m− 2 s− 1) were sporadically registered at ~ 920 m depth associated with a major storm and DSWC event. Smaller but more frequent increases of near-bottom suspended sediment fluxes (0.1–1.4 g m− 2 s− 1) were recorded during trawling activities. Despite these smaller trawling-induced suspended sediment fluxes, 30 days of continuous bottom trawling activity transported a total amount of 40 kg m− 2, of similar magnitude to that generated by a major DSWC event (50 kg m− 2). Since bottom trawling in Palamós Canyon is practiced on a daily basis throughout the year, a much larger contribution of anthropogenically derived water turbidity and suspended sediment transport can be expected ; This work has been supported by the ABIDES (CTM2015-65142) Spanish Project and by the autonomous government of Catalonia grants 2017 SGR 863 and 2017 SGR 1241, as well as by the TrawledSeas Project receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under a MSCA grant agreement (No. 867471). M. Arjona-Camas is supported by a predoctoral FPI grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness ; With the institutional support of the 'Severo OchoaCentre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) ; Peer reviewed