Suchergebnisse

У статті розглядаються підходи до вдосконалення організаційного механізму управління освітньою галуззю.
Визначено, що на сьогодні існує некомфортний стан управління через недостатню кількість інформації про діяльність ЗВО або про значний час, потрібний для її отримання. Для ліквідації такого стану пропонується застосовувати підходи, засоби та інструменти, що їх пропонують сучасні інформаційно-комунікаційні технології. Так, для оптимізації процесів ухвалення управлінських рішень пропонується застосовувати підходи теорії ухвалення рішень та проектування і створення відповідних інформаційних систем. Зв'язки розподіляються на суб'єктно-об'єктні (прямі), об'єктно-суб'єктні (зворотні), а також суб'єктно-суб'єктно та об'єктні-об'єктні. Зважаючи на те що успіх управлінської діяльності певною мірою залежить від дотримання системного принципу зворотного зв'язку інформаційних потоків, його сутність полягає у зв'язку між отриманим ефектом та управлінським впливом.
Для підвищення якості та швидкості ухвалення управлінських рішень в освітній галузі пропонується формування єдиного освітнього інформаційно-комунікаційного середовища, а також використання інформаційних технологій в освітній галузі. Автором зроблено висновки що дальші розробки можуть бути спрямовані на вивчення та вдосконалення механізмів державного управління освітньою галуззю через децентралізацію та дерегуляцію державного управління з метою підвищення його ефективності.
Це дасть змогу поліпшити взаємодію різних рівнів управління освітньою галуззю як по вертикалі, так і по горизонталі. Крім того, пропонується також поширити цей підхід і на інші сфери державного управління.

The purpose was to substantiate the features and determine an effective strategy for Ukraine's Eurointegration. Used a theoretical analysis of reports on the fulfillment of the terms of the European Union (EU)–Ukraine Association Agreement (AA), we identified the problems and destructive factors of the European integration for Ukraine. The graph theory helped to prioritize these problems in the context of implementing the AA's tasks. Constructed neural models and elasticity coefficients provided a quantitative assessment of the adequate performance of strategic functions within the framework of the AA for Ukraine has been carried out. Priority of conduction tasks argued the importance of implementing a strategy of moderate adaptation for Ukraine to increase the positive effect of cooperation with the EU and sustainable development of the country

The article is devoted to issues of financial decentralization and financial instruments for supporting the development of territorial communities. It is mentioned that the decentralization reform, which includes financial decentralization, is one of the most successful government reforms. It is indicated that the balance of budget revenues and expenditures refers to the achievement of tactical goals, and the harmonization of budget policy to external and internal conditions - to strategic goals. It is noted that local budgets, as an element of the budget system, are an important tool of macroeconomic regulation, and the formation and implementation of local budgets determines the degree of effectiveness of local self-government in the implementation of the functions and powers assigned to them. It was revealed that the reform of inter-governmental relations has shown its effectiveness, as territorial communities have the opportunity to use various tools to support local development to solve their urgent problems. Such instruments include funds from the State Fund for Regional Development, subventions for the implementation of measures for the socio-economic development of territories, funds from the state budget to local budgets for the implementation of infrastructure projects and the development of objects in the social and cultural sphere, funds from programs (projects) of international technical assistance and other programs in case of submission of projects in accordance with the procedure established by law etc. It was investigated that the main achievement of implementing the reforms was the expansion of the revenue potential of local budgets due to the change in the proportion of the inclusion of national and local taxes and fees in the budgets of territorial communities. This ensured effective and balanced development of the respective territories and created opportunities for independent search for sources of strengthening the financial base. So, the consequence of the budget reform and financial decentralization was the changes in the structure of the budget system and the introduction of innovative financial instruments for local development to fulfill the tasks stipulated by the financial and budget policy of the state at the regional and local levels.

The article notes that today a key place in civil society belongs to non-governmental organizations (NGOs), as they serve as a link between citizens (business) and government. During their activities in Ukraine, international NGOs have offered and implemented a wide range of services, as well as developed and implemented various projects aimed at developing various sectors of the economy and activating civil society. One of the points of the NGO's efforts is the education of local government officials and deputies of local councils, which is especially relevant in the framework of the implementation of decentralization reform, which has been taking place in Ukraine since 2014. At the same time, deputies must have knowledge and skills in very broad areas of government, and their political literacy directly affects the success of democratic change in Ukraine, especially changes at the local level, and the dynamic socio-economic development of local communities. In this case, non-governmental organizations and non-governmental foundations come to the fore, which in close cooperation can give deputies of local councils the opportunity to learn throughout their lives and update their knowledge in the areas of governance that they need today. One such organization is the All- Ukrainian NGO Institute of Political Education (IPE), which has been conducting non-formal education activities for local government officials and local council members for more than 10 years with the support of international NGOs. Thus, in the period 2011-2018, more than 1,000 deputies of local councils and public activists from different regions of Ukraine took part in the training within the project "Strengthening Local Democracy" (supported by NED). In 2020, IPO began cooperating with another international non-governmental organization - the DOBRE Program. In 2020-2021, more than 500 people (392 deputies and 141 local government officials) took part in the training with the support of this Program. Participants in training projects can now not only better manage their own status, rights and responsibilities as people's deputies, but also know the specifics of the budget process, land and communal spheres. In addition, the training included soft-skills units aimed at training deputies to better communicate their views, defend their position, communicate effectively with opponents, voters, and more. The study concludes that international NGOs form an educational platform for local government representatives, deputies of local councils, and Ukrainian NGOs on the basis of this platform create an educational environment aimed at activating Ukrainian society, strengthening the influence of civil society on relations with the authorities, promoting Ukraine's European integration and improving the lives of Ukrainian citizens.