Suchergebnisse

Private Actors : the Case of Law Offices Specialized in Corporate Law

It is extremely difficult for private actors to get access to the market and once there, they still have to confront the problems involved in project management. The author illustrates his point thanks to his own experience working on PHARE and TACIS projects. From his point of view, the expertise of French law offices is essential to increase the prestige of French law worldwide and ensure the transfer of French administrative methods and institutional framework abroad.

The sway of the State over public enterprise.
What sort of a control does the State exert over public corporations ? In reply, two aspects are analysed : Public enterprise as a tool of governmental policy and governmental policy regarding public enterprise. It appears in the upshot that State intervention reflects the weaknesses and contradictions of the controling authority. Although the public sector as a whole serves to underpin the economic and social action of govemments, a well-defined public enterprise policy is conspicuous by its absence. Under the previous seven-year presidency there was characteristically enough a complets concordance as regards economic policy between both government and public enterprise. This non-specificity is hence preventing government from steering the national economy through public enterprise, whose strategies and action are pre-eminently in line with those of their private industry counterparts.

Management and the principle of legality

By tradition, the legitimacy of intervention of Public Power is mainly based on the regularity of proceedings, which is demonstrated by the principle of legality of administrative action as evidenced by the various countries' public laws. The adoption by administration of new managerial techniques upsets considerably the traditional framework. Based on the existence of strict legal principles governing structures and means, our administration attempts to innovate by transposing the modem management techniques of the private sector to meet its own ends. This results in questioning the further applicability of the principle of legality of yore and requires not only a growing awareness of the dangers such an adoption is bound to entail, but also the retrieval of the value principles of modem management.

Reflexiones sobre el control a priori de las empresas publicas

El control a priori presenta dos aspectos particularmente interesantes dentro de una óptica de reflexión actualizada : el aspecto económico y el aspecto administrativo. En el plan económico el control a priori debería permitir al Estado orientar y animar una verdadera política del sector público. Por tanto, este control se organiza siempre en una forma contraria a las conclusiones del informe NORA, como un sistema de vigilancia muy minuciosa, tentacularia que pesa tanto más sobre la autonomía de las empresas por cuanto sus gastos de servicio público son más fuertes. La inadaptación de este sistema de control en su función de orientación aparece muy evidente dentro del dominio de las empresas públicas del sector competidor que actúan prácticamente sin directivas del Estado. Este es el caso particular de la Administración de Renault o de los grandes bancos nacionalizados que además no pagan prácticamente ni beneficios ni dividendos al poder público. En el plan administrativo, los procedimientos que aseguran la puesta en obra del control, son con frecuencia ineficaces, como lo comprueba el desarrollo anárquico de filiales y la compra de acciones en vista de una participación. Este fenómeno es el resultado de la incoherencia del control de una política concertada puesto que desemboca en dos consecuencias contradictorias : el desarrollo de las nacionalizaciones silenciosas como también la aparición de un cierto desequilibrio del sector público. Esta relación de deficiencias señala la importancia de llevar a cabo una reorganización global del control a priori en las empresas públicas.