Choices and constraints: the nature of informal employment in urban Mexico
In: The journal of development studies, Band 58, Heft 7, S. 1349-1362
ISSN: 1743-9140
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In: The journal of development studies, Band 58, Heft 7, S. 1349-1362
ISSN: 1743-9140
World Affairs Online
In: El trimestre económico, Band 78, Heft 310, S. 343
ISSN: 2448-718X
Este artículo descompone la participación en la fuerza laboral, la tasa de desempleo y la composición sectorial del empleo (autoempleo, empleo asalariado en el sector informal y empleo asalariado en el sector formal) en efectos de edad, cohorte y tiempo. La participación en la fuerza laboral y el empleo formal siguen un perfil de U invertida a lo largo del ciclo de vida. Los trabajadores más jóvenes son más proclives a participar en el sector informal asalariado, mientras que el autoempleo crece monotónicamente con la edad. Sin embargo, también se observa una partici¬pación significativa de personas poco calificadas de edad avanzada y mujeres en el sector del trabajo informal asalariado. Se observan importantes fluctuaciones con¬tracíclicas del empleo asalariado informal, mientras que ocurre lo opuesto con el empleo formal. Las fluctuaciones del autoempleo son contracíclicas con un rezago. Encontramos un efecto de "trabajador añadido" entre las mujeres poco calificadas sólo durante receciones severas. Los efectos generacionales de largo plazo muestran un incremento paulatino en la participación laboral en el sector informal asalariado, con un correspondiente declive en el sector formal entre las generaciones más jóve¬nes. Se analiza algunas explicaciones preliminares de este fenómeno.
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 4371
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In: Economica, Band 90, Heft 358, S. 373-408
ISSN: 1468-0335
AbstractUsing microdata from 17 OECD countries, this paper documents a negative cross‐country correlation between gender gaps in market hours and wages. We find that the cross‐country differences in market hours are mostly accounted for by female market hours and the size of the sector that produces close substitutes to home production. We quantify the role played by taxes and family care subsidies on the two gender gaps in a multi‐sector model with home production. Higher taxes and lower subsidies reduce the marketization of home production, leading to lower market hours. The effect is largely on women because both home production and the production of its market substitutes are female‐intensive. The larger fall in female market hours reduces relative female labour supply, contributing to a higher female to male wage ratio.
In: Economica, Band 90, Heft 358, S. 373-408
Using microdata from 17 OECD countries, this paper documents a negative cross-country correlation between gender gaps in market hours and wages. We find that the cross-country differences in market hours are mostly accounted for by female market hours and the size of the sector that produces close substitutes to home production. We quantify the role played by taxes and family care subsidies on the two gender gaps in a multi-sector model with home production. Higher taxes and lower subsidies reduce the marketization of home production, leading to lower market hours. The effect is largely on women because both home production and the production of its market substitutes are female-intensive. The larger fall in female market hours reduces relative female labour supply, contributing to a higher female to male wage ratio.
In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Band 13, Heft 103-128
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In: Economia, Journal of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association, Vol. 7, No.2, 2007
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