Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the development of Ukrainian studies in museums of Naddnipprianska Ukraine during the imperial period. At the time, a rather wide museum network worked here. Museums were created and operated at various organizations - universities and other educational institutions; scientific institutions; self-government bodies, etc. The lack of the central imperial power's museum policy was typical. This led to the fact, that museum institutions were often operated under conditions of insufficient funding and enough government support. Russia's imperial policy towards the Ukrainian national movement in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was aimed at its restriction and prohibition. Any manifestation of official Ukrainophile activity should be controlled and restricted. At the same time, intelligentsia, the Ukrainian national movement activists, took an active part in the creation and follow-up of museum institutions. On the other hand, the Ukrainian national movement activists found an opportunity to actively use their work in cultural and educational institutions, including museums, as well as to cooperate with them for the purpose of research in the field of Ukrainian studies. In addition, collections of museum facilities could be used in research in the relevant field. Accumulation of Ukrainian studies was an important factor in national processes, the implementation of the "Ukrainian project". The article highlights Ukrainian studies conducted in some museums in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Chernihiv. These museums contained collections, dedicated to Ukrainian ethnography, archeology and history. These museums, thanks to the position of their employees, collected and systematized collections on the history and culture of Ukraine, published scientific products on the basis of their collections.

The article analyzes modern tendencies in Ukrainian historiography of XIX – and early XX century Jewish pogroms. General works on the history of Ukraine, special works devoted to anti-Jewish violence, and the study of the similar problems, that has been published in the last two decades, are considered. The general context of works, their sources, previous researches influence, conclusions of which the authors came, etc. are analyzed. Reading the intelligence on the pogroms, we can see, that the pogroms were largely the result of modernization, internal migration, the relocation to Ukraine of workers from the Russian provinces of the Romanov Empire and so on. Pogroms are also viewed in the context of social and revolutionary movements. That is, the violence, according to researchers, led to the emergence of Zionism. Also, Jews were actively involved to the left movement, while falling victim to extreme Russian nationalists and chauvinists - the Black Hundreds. We have special works dedicated to the pogroms of the first and second waves, which, however, are not so many. Their authors find out the causes and consequences of the pogroms, the significance of violence for the Jewish community and Ukrainian-Jewish relations, the attitude of the authorities and society to these acts of violence, and so on. Some Ukrainian historians research the problem of pogroms on various issues. Among them are works on the history of Jews from different regions of Ukraine, communities of individual cities, Ukraine as a whole; the history of the Ukrainian peasantry, the monarchical and Black Hundred movement in Ukraine, the revolutionary events of 1905-1907, migration processes in Ukrainian lands, the formation of modern nations, the life and work of prominent figures and more. The authors conduct full-fledged research using a wide source base, including archival materials, which, however, are often factual in nature. This is a disadvantage, because historians are "captured" by the sources on which they rely. We also have conceptual research that refers to a broad historiography of the problem, including foreign. These works often draw the reader's attention to a broader - the imperial, modernization or migration context. It is important, that researchers see actors of Ukrainian history in the Jewish population. Because of this, they are much less interested in the future of the Jews who left the Ukrainian lands than in the researchers of Jewish history.

Today, in the conditions of a full-scale brutal war unleashed by the Russian Federation, Ukraine is experiencing the greatest upheaval since the World War ІІ. The memory of the previous war on Ukrainian territory played and continues to play a significant role in the scientific, political, and cultural spheres. The purpose of this article is to highlight the main aspects of the study of the memory of the Second World War in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war (since 2014). We believe, that the proposed directions are relevant today and in the future. Before the Revolution of Dignity and the beginning of the Russian aggression in 2014, post (Soviet) and national narratives of the politics and culture of remembrance of the Second World War existed simultaneously in the Ukrainian discourse. After the mentioned events, and especially after the legally enshrined refusal of using the term "Great Patriotic War" and other changes, the national paradigm of war memory was finally established. There have been decisive changes in the politics of memory, historical politics, commemorative practices, the teaching of the events of World War II history in school, etc. This article proposes and briefly analyzes problems that, in our opinion, may be of interest to Ukrainian and foreign researchers of enshrined refusal memory, memory politics, historical politics, etc. That is Euromaidan, the beginning of Russian aggression and a rethinking of the previous paradigm of commemoration of the war, in particular the "decommunization laws" of 2015. The impact of a full-scale Russian invasion in 2022, legislative changes in 2023. Russian instrumentalization of commemoration of the Second World War in the conditions of hybrid and full-scale wars and the Ukrainian response. "Places of memory" dedicated to the war in urban space and changes in commemorative practices. Memory of the Second World War in toponymy - the dynamics of changes. Images of war in the educational process, etc.