Suchergebnisse

Dziadykevych Yu.V., Buriak M.V., Lubezna I.V. DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ENERGY IN UKRAINEPurpose. The aim of the article is to study aspects of solar energy in Ukraine in order to increase the savings of fossil energy sources and energy security of the country.Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. The general scientific and special methods of research are used, namely: the abstract and logical method is used in the outline of the main factors that influence the development of solar energy in Ukraine; with the help of a deductive method, the directions which contribute to the increase of the saving of fossil energy sources are analyzed; on the basis of the synthesis of scientific sources devoted to the problem of the use of solar energy, the factors that influence the process of the introduction of solar energy into production and everyday life are determined, as well as provide an opportunity to introduce innovations aimed at the development, creation of new types of technologies and organizational forms of production, which promotes ensuring the competitiveness of the products of enterprises both on the domestic and foreign markets.Findings. It has been established that the construction of solar power plants in Ukraine took place mainly during 2011-2017, which contributed to the introduction of a number of solar power plants during this period, which enabled to improve the supply of electricity demand and at the same time become consumers independent of generating companies and external conditions.The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) concluded that the increased use of solar energy in the period up to 2030 will reduce the overall cost of the Ukrainian energy system, will have a positive impact on the environment and the health of the population.It is determined that the development of solar energy in our country can be considered as the leader of innovations in the energy sector, as Ukraine offers attractive opportunities for international investors. Government policy in the field of solar energy contributes to the creation of a more decentralized, distributed, secure and sustainable electricity generation network.This will ensure the competitiveness of domestic and foreign markets.Originality. It is proved that the main goal of solar energy is to bring the energy industry of the country to a new high-quality level. Practical value. The introduction of high-energy and environmentally friendly energy sources into production processes will increase the efficiency of their work.Key words: solar energy; solar panels; energy resources; renewable energy sources; solar power plants; payback period of investments.

Dziadykevych Yu.V., Sokhatska O.M., Liubezna I.V. ENERGY SAVING IS A MAJOR TREND IN SHAPING THE EU ENERGY PACKAGE: LESSONS FOR UKRAINEPurpose. The aim of the article is to research the aspects of foreign experience in the management of energy saving processes and energy efficiency of production activities.Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. General and special methods are used in the course of the research, namely: abstract and logical (to outline the main factors that influence the management of energy-saving processes and energy efficiency of enterprises), deductive (to analyse the directions that contribute to energy-saving production activities) and generalization (when research of possibilities of introduction of innovations which are directed on development, creation of new types of technologies and new organizational forms of production).Findings. There are a number of barriers to effective energy use, such as financial, managerial, administrative, legal and market barriers. It is proved that energy saving should be a priority direction of the economic policy of the enterprise, while strategic directions of energy efficient policy of Ukraine should be: increase of volumes of own oil and gas production on the basis of new technologies; modernization of transport infrastructure; diversification of energy resources; reducing the share of energy-intensive industries and shaping the outlook for saving energy in society. It is substantiated that much attention should be paid to renewable energy, since this will demonopolize key segments of the energy market and ensure its transparency and predictability, thereby promoting the rational use of energy resources. External factors have been found to have a significant impact on energy conservation, in particular: regulatory framework, stability of the energy market, state incentive measures, material interest of producers in the implementation of energy-saving technologies and saving of energy resources. It is revealed that in the industrialized countries of the world there is an increase in the energy sector in the structure of the national economy, since the constant rise in prices for oil and natural gas leads to energy dependence on exporting countries and this problem is solved by energy conservation and the use of mixed energy supply. It is substantiated that the concept of efficient use of solar energy should take into account the peculiarities of the electricity complex of Ukraine in the context of integration into the EU energy space and accession to its energy packages.Originality. For the first time, it has been established that energy saving should be a priority direction of Ukraine's economic policy, which, unlike the existing one, allows to define strategic directions of energy efficient policy in Ukraine for increasing its own oil and gas production using modern types of technologies. The modernization of transport infrastructure and the diversification of energy sources have been further developed. The directions of reducing the share of energy-intensive industries and shaping the outlook for saving energy in Ukraine have been improved.Practical value. The introduction of high-energy and environmentally friendly energy sources into the production processes of enterprises in different sectors of the economy will increase their efficiency.Key words: energy saving; energy efficiency; energy resources; renewable energy sources; economic instruments; foreign experience.

Dziadykevych Yu.V., Liubezna I.V., Hradovyi V.V. FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN ENERGY SAVINGPurpose. The aim of the work is to study the aspects of foreign experience in managing energy saving and energy efficiency of enterprises' production activities.Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Common scientific and special research methods were used, namely: abstract and logical, deductive and generalization. Using the abstract and logical method, the main factors that influence the management of energy saving processes of energy efficiency of enterprises are outlined. With the help of deductive method, the directions, which promote increase of energy saving of production activity of enterprises, are analyzed. On the basis of generalization of scientific sources devoted to the problem of increasing energy saving and energy efficiency of industrial processes of enterprises, the possibility of introducing innovations aimed at the development, creation of new types of technologies and new organizational forms of production is researched. This will ensure the competitiveness of enterprises in both domestic and foreign markets.Findings. It has been established that there are a number of barriers to efficient energy use, namely financial, managerial, administrative and legal and market. Energy saving should be the priority direction of the enterprise's economic policy. The strategic directions of Ukraine's energy and efficient policies should be: increasing the volume of oil and gas production on the basis of new technologies; modernization of transport infrastructure; diversification of energy resources; reducing the share of energy-intensive industries and shaping the outlook for energy saving in society. Considerable attention should be paid to renewable energy. This will allow demonopolizing of key segments of the energy market and ensuring its transparency and predictability, thus contributing to the rational use of energy resources. External factors have a significant impact on energy saving, in particular: regulatory framework, stability of the energy market, incentive measures by the state, lack of material interest of producers in implementing energy saving technologies and saving energy resources.It is shown that in the industrialized countries of the world there is an increase in the energy sector in the structure of the national economy, as the constant rise in oil and natural gas prices leads to energy dependence on exporting countries. In particular, Germany solves this problem through energy saving and the use of a mixed energy supply system. In Sweden, the government encourages the use of renewable energy through the exemption of enterprises from energy taxes for a period of 5 years, subsidies for insulation of old houses, and simplification of permits for the construction of wind power plants. At the same time, the state also uses administrative management methods. It applies taxes, subsidies, subsidies, trades quotes and electrical certificates. The US Department of Energy is implementing a national energy policy and tackling a number of urgent energy challenges faced by the state, namely: the impact of high energy prices, environmental protection, increased energy supplies, increased energy efficiency and energy efficiency, increased use of renewable and alternative energy sources, development of energy infrastructure and energy security. In the EU, two approaches are used to finance energy efficiency measures. At first approach, the co-owners of multi-apartment buildings themselves decide to upgrade their housing in order to save heat and resources. Various mechanisms are used for this purpose, including state financing and bank loans. The second approach involves energy modernization through utilities or municipal institutions. In Bulgaria, measures for energy efficiency are paid from the state budget, and Lithuanian citizens pay them for their taxes. It is noted that the mass implementation of OASES in practice increases the loading of traditional power plants at night, reduces peak loads in power grids, does not require the construction of new hydroelectric power stations, promotes the introduction of renewable energy sources into production processes and life. The concept of "smart" energy should take into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian electricity sector.Originality. It is proved that the main purpose of energy independence is energy conservation and encouragement to use new types of energy sources in all sectors of the country's economy.Practical value. The introduction of high-energy and environmentally friendly energy sources into production processes will increase the efficiency of their work.Key words: energy saving; energy efficiency; energy resources; renewable energy sources; economic instruments; foreign experience.