Suchergebnisse

The Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan and public demonstrations in Uzbekistan have drawn the attention of the outside world to the political realities and social conditions of these countries. As a result, those who have dealings with this part of the world have begun to ask the following questions: What caused these events to happen? Might we see similar events happening in neighboring countries in the near future? In order to answer these questions it is necessary to go back several years. In 1991 when these countries unexpectedly gained independence, the leaders had to find radical and structural solutions to the extremely difficult conditions-social, economic and political-which prevailed in their societies at this time. Their long-term aim was to align their political and economic systems with those of the rest of the world. Although certain regional states possessed enormous reserves of natural gas and oil, they lacked both an efficient economic system and state institutions that would permit their countries to exercise their country's responsibilities and rights according to international law. Moreover, the Nationalities Policy put forward by Joseph Stalin in 1924, had never been implemented. Their desire, at this stage, was therefore to construct a new state, which would aspire to a free market economy and democratic values. Although the regional leaders originally promised to make democratic reforms, to respect human rights and to create a free market economy, they subsequently formed authoritarian and constitutional-patronage regimes. In addition, they initiated nation-building and state-building processes, both of which were in line with Stalin's Nationalities Policy. It is these policies, essentially, which gave rise to the revolutions and public demonstrations which have been seen in these countries. Using the authoritarian, constitutional-patronage regime as a theoretical framework, this study will focus on the policies of the leaders as regards nation-building, state-building and democratization processes. It will also analyze Islam and Islamic groups in Central Asia.

Leftist Party, Republican Turkish Partisi, due to its ideological perspective and different concerns about emergence of the Cyprus Question, has expressed its positive opinion about the Annan Plan since it was submitted to related parties. CTP supported bi-communal, bi-regional federal state system. It claimed that the Cyprus Question emerged as a result of ultra – nationalist policies of EOKA and TMT militan organizations. It looks at warmly to the European Union membership and demands to develop bilateral relations between Turkey and TRNC on an equal footing. For CTP, the solution and implementation of some confidence – building measures are necessary. Consequently, CTP envisaged to establish a common state with the Cypriot Greeks, following to pursue the same policy despite the Greeks rejected the Annan Plan on April 24.