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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has had a tremendous impact as a moral platform requiring respect for the freedom and dignity of everyone and as a future-oriented project requiring continuous efforts at all levels to make human rights universally enjoyed in reality on moral, political and legal spheres. (Original abstract - amended)

THE AUTHOR IDENTIFIES FOUR DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO HUMANITARIANISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE IDEALIST, THE HISTORICIST, THE RELIGIOUS-REVELATIONIST, AND THE CULTURAL- PHILOSOPHICAL. HE CONCLUDES THAT HUMANITARIAN CONCERNS SHOULD GROW FROM THE BOTTOM UP, BUT THE THIRD WORLD SHOULD NOT BREAK ALL CONNECTIONS WITH HUMANITARIAN GROUPS FROM THE INDUSTRIALIZED NORTH, HE SEES A NEED FOR AN ENLIGHTENED PRAGMATISM THAT CAN OVER-RULE IDEOLOGY-BASED RIGIDITY.

THE AUTHOR RESPONDS TO A CRITIQUE OF HIS WORK, AS WELL AS THAT OF OTHER EUROPEAN PEACE RESEARCHERS,WHICH WAS DEVELOPED BY N.G.ONUF. THE RESPONSE DISCUSSES THE PROPOSITION THAT THE AUTHOR AND HIS COLLEAGUES ARE PAROCHIAL IN THEIR THEORIES & EXAMINES CRITICALLY THE CONCEPTSOF DEPENDENCY AND SELF-DETERMINATION.

The global obesity epidemic was in focus at the 7th Summer Academy on Global Food Law and Policy in Gexco/Bilbao in July 2015. It approached this accelerating public health concern from the angle of risk regulations as linked to processing, trade, marketing and choice/consumption of foodstuffs, addressing also risks of negative impacts on public health at the consumer end. A wealth of expertise enlightened participants about current developments regarding EU and US legislation on risk assessments and risk management.

"This book examines the history, governmental and private responses, and future prospects of this intractable challenge. Stephen Eides explains why homelessness persists in America and offers concrete recommendations for how we can do better for the homeless population."

Media Boundaries and Conceptual Modelling forms part of the humanities tradition by facing one of the fundamental problems since antiquity: how different media represent the world we live in. It intersects also with the digital by addressing the problem with the help of a digital humanities method: computer assisted conceptual modelling. And it acknowledges the spatial turn by investigating the boundary between what has traditionally been the two main media for representation of geospatial information: texts and maps. It contributes to the further development of digital humanities and bridges the two areas of digital humanities and intermedia studies. Further, it strengthens the theoretical foundation for research and teaching in spatial digital humanities. The book meets the lack of critical discussion of the practice of digital mapping, offering a theoretically based understanding of such practices from a humanities perspective. More generally, it contributes to the theoretical discussion of modelling in digital humanities.

In the simple Allingham-Sandmo portfolio model of tax evasion an expected utility maximizer will cheat more than what is estimated in empirical studies. Two main types of explanation have been suggested as solutions to this puzzle: (1) Tax payers act according to some non-expected utility theory, and (2) Individual ethical norms and social stigma induce people not to cheat. In the present study we test two hypotheses within these broad explanations: (1) Tax payers are weighting subjective probabilities of being penalised according to the rank dependent utility theory, and (2) Tax payers' beliefs about social norms have an effect on their decision to evade taxes. Our model is characterized by a simultaneous determination of tax evasion and labour supply, including the effect on tax payers of a social norm of not cheating. Using Norwegian survey data our hypotheses are corroborated. Our estimates imply that if the objective probability of being penalized is, say 3 %, the weighted probability is about 23 %. Our study provides an independent confirmation of the rank dependent expected utility theory. The model explains data 53% better than pure random choices and predicts hours worked in the regular economy, among tax evaders as well non tax evaders, rather precisely. The model is an example of a two sector choice model and the results indicate that an overall wage increase may shift labor supply away from the irregular part of the economy towards the regular.