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In this article an extended version of the Bird model is investigated in a prospective approach. The model is tested on a cohort of 62 final semester MBAs in the UK. Boyd and Vozikis' (1994) theoretical propositions represent the base model. Antecedents of the extended model are empirically tested using exogenous variables such as mastery experience, vicarious experience and social influences against entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The present study supports the proposition that social influence affects entrepreneurial self-efficacy and that self-efficacy goal setting and goal commitment affect entrepreneurial career choice intentions.

This paper highlights the importance of business angel networks, as a tool of stimulating an entrepreneurial culture and small business financing. It also sheds light on current practices and the dimensions of business angels in Europe. A study made in 1998 for the European Commission suggests that the potential for investments by business angels is estimated to be between 10 and 20 billion € [Euro] per year. This can be compared with the 3 million Euro in seed and startup investments made in 1999 by the venture capital industry. A remarkable difference, which deserves further attention. This particular inquiry includes a brief benchmarking exercise on informal private investor networks, known as business angel networks. The background for this study is the underlying thesis that the potential for investments through business angels is insufficiently developed. Implications for policy makers and future research are discussed.

In this article, intellectual capital is seen as complementary capacities of competence and commitment. Based on theoretically and empirically robust human capital theory, we define intellectual capital as individuals' complementary capacity to generate added value and thus create wealth. Resources are then perceived to be both tangible and intangible. This view is an extension of human capital theory to include the intangible capacities of people. Implications for future research are discussed.

AbstractWe offer a complementary view to the ethical dilemmas discussed in the recent literature by pointing at the epistemological dilemma of true uncertainty, suggesting regulatory sandboxes as an apposite remedy. Using the exemplar case of the regulative sandbox for responsible artificial intelligence established by the Norwegian data protection authorities, we argue that regulative sandboxes have the potential of supporting the development of a more ethical AI through not only reducing uncertainty, but through nurturing moral imaginations.