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Crime tends to be concentrated at a relatively small proportion of proprietary places—small parcels of land that often have a single address and are used for a specific purpose, like housing or entertainment. This fact points to the potential of regulation to reduce crime. Drawing on research and theory, this article discusses why we should be concerned about crime places, how the management of places influences crimes, why and how place management regulation might be helpful for reducing crimes, criteria for selecting place-based regulatory instruments, why it might be necessary to adjust such regulation to neighborhood characteristics, and principles for applying a regulatory approach to crime places.

"Unraveling the Crime-Place Connection examines in a new light how places enhance our understanding of crime and its control. While there has been much work in this area focused on policy, few have examined the underlying theories that inform this work. Theory has played a secondary role in the "criminology of place," and this volume brings it to the forefront of scholarly concerns. Each part and its chapters illuminate cutting-edge ideas in the etiology and control of crime at place, beginning with an introductory Part I. Crime is often concentrated in very small geographies, and Part II emphasizes the importance of capturing the dynamic nature of places in order to understand crime clustering. Part III offers integrative theories on the varying contextual arrangements of places and links theories of places to other theories of individuals, neighborhoods, and other social contexts. In Part IV, theorists ask how the actions of place owners facilitate or control crime and what policies governments can institute to regulate place management. This volume will be of interest to criminologists worldwide and useful for graduate-level or advanced undergraduate courses on environmental criminology or crime prevention."--

The authors review research on police effectiveness in reducing crime, disorder, and fear in the context of a typology of innovation in police practices. That typology emphasizes two dimensions: one concerning the diversity of approaches, and the other, the level of focus. The authors find that little evidence supports the standard model of policing—low on both of these dimensions. In contrast, research evidence does support continued investment in police innovations that call for greater focus and tailoring of police efforts, combined with an expansion of the tool box of policing beyond simple law enforcement. The strongest evidence of police effectiveness in reducing crime and disorder is found in the case of geographically focused police practices, such as hot-spots policing. Community policing practices are found to reduce fear of crime, but the authors do not find consistent evidence that community policing (when it is implemented without models of problem-oriented policing) affects either crime or disorder. A developing body of evidence points to the effectiveness of problemoriented policing in reducing crime, disorder, and fear. More generally, the authors find that many policing practices applied broadly throughout the United States either have not been the subject of systematic research or have been examined in the context of research designs that do not allow practitioners or policy makers to draw very strong conclusions.

The authors review research on police effectiveness in reducing crime, disorder, & fear in the context of a typology of innovation in police practices. That typology emphasizes two dimensions: one concerning the diversity of approaches, & the other, the level of focus. The authors find that little evidence supports the standard model of policing -- low on both of these dimensions. In contrast, research evidence does support continued investment in police innovations that call for greater focus & tailoring of police efforts, combined with an expansion of the tool box of policing beyond simple law enforcement. The strongest evidence of police effectiveness in reducing crime & disorder is found in the case of geographically focused police practices, such as hot-spots policing. Community policing practices are found to reduce fear of crime, but the authors do not find consistent evidence that community policing (when it is implemented without models of problem-oriented policing) affects either crime or disorder. A developing body of evidence points to the effectiveness of problem-oriented policing in reducing crime, disorder, & fear. More generally, the authors find that many policing practices applied broadly throughout the United States either have not been the subject of systematic research or have been examined in the context of research designs that do not allow practitioners or policy makers to draw very strong conclusions. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 129 References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2004.]

Jane Jacobs coined the phrase 'eyes on the street' to depict those who maintain order in cities. Most criminologists assume these eyes belong to residents. In this Element we show that most of the eyes she described belonged to shopkeepers and property owners. They, along with governments, wield immense power through property ownership and regulation. From her work, we propose a Neo-Jacobian perspective to reframe how crime is connected to neighborhood function through deliberate decision-making at places. It advances three major turning points for criminology. This includes turns from: 1. residents to place managers as the primary source of informal social control; 2. ecological processes to outsiders' deliberate actions that create crime opportunities; and 3. a top-down macro- to bottom-up micro-spatial explanation of crime patterns. This perspective demonstrates the need for criminology to integrate further into economics, political science, urban planning, and history to improve crime control policies.

Intro -- About This Book -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1: Places and Crime -- Social Control Hidden in Plain Sight -- Place, Place Managers, and Place Management -- The Concentration of Crime at Places -- The Argument That Follows -- References -- Chapter 2: Why Some Places Are Bad -- Explanation 0: It's Random -- Explanation 1: Reporting Bias -- Explanation 2: Size Matters -- Explanation 3: Repeat Victimization -- Explanation 4: Hot Products -- Explanation 5: Offender Concentration -- Explanation 6: Repeat Offenders -- Explanation 7: Inadequate Guardianship -- Explanation 8: Poor Handling -- Explanation 9: Low Informal Social Control -- Explanation 10: Bad Physical Design -- Too Many Explanations -- Appendix: Three Explanations for Proximal Place Crime Concentration -- References -- Chapter 3: Place Management -- Place Managers -- The Four Functions of Place Management -- Organization of Space -- Regulation of Conduct -- Control of Access -- Acquisition of Resources -- Place Management as a Keystone Explanation -- Organization of Space -- Regulation of Conduct -- Control of Access -- Acquisition of Resources -- Crime Prevention Within Places -- Situational Crime Prevention -- Evidence Situational Prevention Works at Places -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Sources of Powers -- Being Explicit About Sources of Control Powers -- Defining Forms of Control -- What Is Community Informal Social Control? -- X: Actors -- A: Actions -- T: Targets -- G: Goals -- P: Powers -- The Source of Power of Place Managers -- Property Rights -- Rights That May Be Included in a Bundle of Rights -- Authority, Power, and Social Control -- References -- Chapter 5: Place Manager Failures and Successes -- Why Some Fail But Most Do Not -- Controls on Place Managers -- Failures -- Conclusions -- References.

A new paradigm for supervising offenders in the community Environmental Corrections is an innovative guide filled with rich insights and strategies for probation and parole officers to effectively integrate offenders back into the community and reduce recidivism. Authors Lacey Schaefer, Francis T. Cullen, and John E. Eck move beyond traditional models for interventions and build directly on the applied focus of environmental criminology theories. Using this approach, the authors answer the question of what officers can do to decrease opportunities for an offender to commit a crime. Readers will learn how to recognize and assess specific criminal opportunities in an offender's past and gain the tools and strategies they need to design an individualized supervision plan that channels offenders away from these criminogenic situations.