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Women who blog about politics or identify as feminist in Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States face great risks of online abuse. In-depth interviews with 109 bloggers who write about feminisms, family, and/or maternity politics revealed that 73.4% had negative experiences due to blogging and/or social media use. Most of these negative experiences involved not only abusive comments but also stalking, trolls, rape threats, death threats, and unpleasant offline encounters. Response strategies included moderating comments, exposing abuse, adaptation, and solidarity. I argue that the democratic potential of social media in democracies remains haphazard because online abuse is not fully recognized as entangling online and offline communication, constituted and constructed through technological, legal, social, and cultural factors. Using the theoretical approaches of digital feminisms, I call for more systematic empirical work on global recognition of online abuse as punishable crime.

"This collection brings together ten of the most distinguished feminist scholars whose work has been celebrated for its excellence in helping to lay the foundation of feminist communication and media research. This edited volume features contributions by the ten renowned communication and media scholars that have received the Teresa Award for the Advancement of Feminist Scholarship: Patrice Buzzanell, Meenakshi Gigi Durham, Radha Hegde, Dafna Lemish, Radhika Parameswaran, Lana Rakow, Karen Ross, Leslie Steeves, Linda Steiner, and Angharad Valdivia. These distinguished scholars reflect on the contributions they have made to different subfields of media and communication scholarship, and offer invaluable insight into their own paths as feminist scholars. They each reflect on matters of power, agency, privilege, ethics, intersectionality, resilience, and positionality, address their own shortcomings and struggles, and look ahead to potential future directions in the field. Last but not least, they come together to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, marginalized people, and vulnerable populations, and to underline the crucial need for feminist communication and media scholarship to move beyond Eurocentrism toward an ethics of care and global feminist positionality. A comprehensive and inspiring resource for students and scholars of feminist media and communication studies"--

Germanyis a technologically advanced democracy with free media and high levels of literacy, yet political blogging has not developed as rapidly inGermanyas in theUnited Statesor other European democracies such asFranceandPoland. Using data obtained from in-depth interviews with 28 leading national and regional political bloggers in Germany in spring 2011, this study identifies a complex combination of factors that these bloggers say have impacted the emergence of political blogging in Germany: fears associated with Internet technologies; hostility of traditional news media toward blogs; continued trust of the population in traditional news media, notably public broadcasting; and legal challenges faced by political bloggers.

We interviewed 61 Muslims in 15 focus groups from the most visible Muslim population in the United States: the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Participants shared their experiences of and responses to Islamophobia on social media and face-to-face during the 2016 US presidential election campaign and aftermath. Applying Fraser's and Squires' theories of counterpublics, we developed an adapted understanding of counterpublics in collapsed contexts of online and face-to-face spaces. We argue that everyday Muslim internet users in the United States are an example of a hyper differential counterpublic. They face the pressures of near ubiquitous and ever evolving Islamophobic attacks, while needing to engage with the internet for personal and professional purposes. We suggest that hyper differential counterpublics operate in collapsed contexts of mixed, unimaginable publics, switch between group and individual responses, and craft hyper situational responses to discriminations case by case.

This article provides a multidisciplinary overview and synthesis of recent scholarship on strategies to increase women's civic and political participation in the developing world. Using a systematic method for meta-analysis, we identify points of consensus in the literature as well as debates and gaps where future research on strengthening women's participation is needed. Strategies to increase women's civic and political participation that emerge in the literature include: establishing quotas to enhance women's representation; using social media platforms to mobilize women and amplify their voices; implementing policies and programs that target women as participants or beneficiaries; and mobilizing women through their intersecting identities. We discuss the opportunities inherent in these strategies, as well as their limits. A secondary goal of this article is to provide a useful guide to recent English language literature on women's civic and political participation for an international women's studies audience. The article includes a link to our Rapid Knowledge Map (RKM, a searchable excel file) that summarizes information about the over 400 studies that we reviewed using an adapted version of the Cochrane method. We hope this resource will be of use to other scholars.

Wir nutzen theoretische Ansätze der Standpunktepistemologie und Intersektionalität, um zu analysieren wie die Repräsentation von in der DDR und/oder ostdeutsch-sozialisierten Journalist*innen in Redaktionen in Deutschland, vor allem auf Leitungsebene, wahrgenommen wird. Inwiefern spielen diese Sozialisationserfahrungen, mehr als 30 Jahre nach Beginn des Wiedervereinigungsprozesses eine Rolle? Dieser Beitrag enthält Ergebnisse eines Teilprojekts und basiert auf 33 Interviews mit Journalist*innen von acht regionalen Nachrichtenmedien in Ostdeutschland, zwei überregionalen Nachrichtenmedien und zwei Zeitungen in Berlin. Die explorative Textanalyse der Interviewabschriften ergab drei Themen: Kinderbetreuung, die Anwendung von geschlechtergerechter Sprache und ein ausgeprägtes Bewusstsein zu Besitzverhältnissen und Besetzung von Leitungspositionen. Mit empirischen Daten zu Bedeutungsbestimmung und Reflektion von Journalist*innen über ihre Identitäten und die Signifikanz dieser für ihre Arbeit, stellen wir mit dieser Studie Frauen, insbesondere mit DDR/ostdeutscher Sozialisierung und/oder Migrationsgeschichte als doppelt unterrepräsentierte Minderheiten in den Mittelpunkt in einem Berufsfeld, das vor allem in Leitungspositionen von westdeutschen Männern ohne Migrationshintergrund dominiert wird.

This mixed-method evidence synthesis drew on Cochrane methods and principles to systematically review literature published between 2003 and 2016 on the best social media practices to promote health protection and dispel misinformation during disasters. Seventy-nine studies employing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods on risk communication during disasters in all UN-languages were reviewed, finding that agencies need to contextualize the use of social media for particular populations and crises. Social media are tools that still have not become routine practices in many governmental agencies regarding public health in the countries studied. Social media, especially Twitter and Facebook (and equivalents in countries such as China), need to be incorporated into daily operations of governmental agencies and implementing partners to build familiarity with them before health-related crises happen. This was especially observed in U.S. agencies, local government, and first responders but also for city governments and school administrations in Europe. For those that do use social media during health-related risk communication, studies find that public relations officers, governmental agencies, and the general public have used social media successfully to spread truthful information and to verify information to dispel rumors during disasters. Few studies focused on the recovery and preparation phases and on countries in the Southern hemisphere, except for Australia. The vast majority of studies did not analyze the demographics of social media users beyond their geographic location, their status of being inside/outside the disaster zone; and their frequency and content of posting. Socioeconomic demographics were not collected and/or analyzed to drill deeper into the implications of using social media to reach vulnerable populations. Who exactly is reached via social media campaigns and who needs to be reached with other means has remained an understudied area.

This book presents a series of case studies that evaluate the elevation and suppression of voices within marginalized and minority communities. It examines the use of digital media and its role in the construction of reality-specifically who is included, who is left out, and who feels they must remain silent.

This book highlights the progress-or lack thereof-in media regarding portrayals of women, across genres and cultures within the twenty-first-century. Both original studies and descriptive overviews of current media platforms are included, as top scholars evaluate the portrayals of women in contemporary venues, including advertisements, videogames, political stories, health communication and reality television.