Suchergebnisse

The study on provision of rural infrastructures was carried out in three Local Government Areas of Oyo State Nigeria. The provision of rural infrastructure can be seen as part of the public and public capital base providing the institutional environment in which agriculture operates. This implies that infrastructural constraints can lower or suppress the productivity level and slow down the rate of commercialization in agricultural sector. The study therefore attempts to assess the level of provision of infrastructures within the agricultural setting in Oyo State. A simple random technique was used to select required respondents. Well structured and validated questions were used to elicit required information. The data collected were analyzed through descriptive statistics, frequency counts, percentage and mode. The results showed that storage facilities are not provided, social infrastructure such as hospitals, maternity centers, health centers, and schools are poorly staffed and funded by all the tiers of governments. It was found that provision of infrastructures served as incentives for increased economic efficiency and productivity of the rural dwellers. It could be deduced from the study that the participation of the Local Government as the third tier of funding and providing infrastructures was high and commendable, while community and individual participation was low. Both Federal and State Governments also recorded poor participation. It is therefore recommended that all tiers of government should involve in the provision of infrastructures in the rural areas. Non-governmental organizations should also be given opportunity to do so.

Economists agree that human capital is an important
determinant of economic growth [Arrow (1962); Aghion and Howitt (1992)].
Human capital-led growth generally concludes the positive impact of the
two with the help of existing developed theories and empirical
evidences. Nonetheless, the standard empirical result of a direct
relationship between human capital (however measured) and economic
growth, has been criticised on several fronts. First, the impact of
other growth-related factors like quality of education, health of the
labour force, inflation, corruption, unemployment, rule of law, etc.
should not be ignored. These endogenous characteristics of a country are
included in Becker's (1993) definition of human capital. In addition, as
noted by Abramovitz (1986), social capabilities are important in the
adoption and diffusion of technologies but countries differ in social
capabilities. Therefore, to the extent to which human capital
contributes to economic growth through innovation, its effect is
conditioned by the country's social capabilities which include factors
like quality of institutions and governance.

COVID-19 has had huge impacts on households across the world. The economic impact is particularly great in Africa. This paper analyses the role of social protection in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on household welfare measured in terms of ability to afford food. The results of panel logit regressions on data from 1 925 Nigerian households show that social
protection in the form of food or direct cash transfers is associated with a higher probability of households being able to afford the food they need. This positive effect is, however, offset by the increasing intensity of the pandemic. Our results are robust even when using alternative measures of pandemic intensity and controlling for household characteristics. This implies the need for more robust social protection programmes (such as health insurance and employment benefits) that are responsive to household needs, especially in times of crisis.

Abstract
This dataset presents longitudinal data collected through four surveys (in six-monthly intervals) of fresh university and polytechnic graduates in Nigeria. The data were collected from 21,940 unique young men and women who underwent National Youth Service Corps (nysc) programme across ten states in Nigeria. The nysc programme is a compulsory one-year national service that all Nigerians under the age of 30 years must undergo after graduation. A key component of the one-year service is the Skills Acquisition and Entrepreneurship Development (saed) programme of the nysc. The dataset is useful for many purposes. It contains enough information to fully profile the entrepreneurship and apprenticeship characteristics of the fresh graduates. Moreover, it can be used to quantify the potential pool of future entrepreneurs among highly educated Nigerian youth. The dataset was originally used to assess the impact of saed, being an apprenticeship-based entrepreneurship intervention, on entrepreneurial outcomes among young persons. However, its use may also extend to an assessment of the impact of compulsory entrepreneurship training in the Nigerian university system that produced most of the respondents.

The interaction between environmental pollution and economic growth determines the achievement of the green growth objective of developing economies. An economy turns around the inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) when pollution is effectively dampened by social, political and economic factors as such economy grows. Thus, this study examines the EKC considering the impact of institutional quality on six variables of environmental pollution [carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Suspended Particulate Maters (SPM), Rainfall, Temperature and Total Green House Emission (TGH)] using the case of Nigeria. The EKC model includes population density, education expenditure, foreign direct investment, and gross domestic investment as control variables, and it was analysed using the Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) econometric technique, which has not been applied in the literature on Nigeria. The results, inter alia, indicate that there is EKC for CO2 and SPM. This implies that the green growth objective can be pursued in Nigeria with concerted efforts. Other environmental pollution indicators did not exert significant influence on economic growth. Therefore, it is recommended that Nigeria's institutional quality be strengthened to limit environmental pollution in light of economic growth.